“…Many studies have been conducted to test the impact of this novel coronavirus spread worldwide. While (Carter et al, 2021;Kumari et al, 2021;Maneenop & Kotcharin, 2020) examine the impacts on the global airline industry (Hu et al, 2021;Pandey & Kumar, 2021;Pandey & Kumari, 2020a;Pham et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2020) examine the impacts on the tourism industry, (Alam et al, 2020;Baker et al, 2020;Kandil Göker et al, 2020;Pandey & Kumari, 2021b, 2021a, 2021c, 2021dPolemis & Soursou, 2020) examine the impact of the pandemic on the overall stock market. The covid-19 pandemic has created great turmoil and adversely affected the global financial system.…”