The Stomach Capacity is Reduced in Intrauterine Growth Restricted Piglets Compared to Normal Piglets

Lynegaard, Julie C; Hales, J. R. S.; Nielsen, Marlene N; Hansen, C. F.; Amdi, Charlotte

doi:10.3390/ani10081291

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, there are still some challenges that prevent animals to fully express their growth potential 1 . Among them, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) stands out as the main cause of low birth weight and postnatal impaired body growth, affecting up to 20% of piglets within a litter in modern hyperprolific sows 2 , 3 . It has been reported that IUGR has harmful impacts on neonatal survival, postnatal growth, nutrition utilization efficiency, health, and performance 2 , 4 , 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine growth restriction and its impact on intestinal morphophysiology throughout postnatal development in pigs

Santos

Fernandes

Araújo

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) compromises fetal development, leading to low birth weight, and predisposes to gastrointestinal disorders. Pigs that suffered IUGR present poor postnatal development, resulting in great economic losses to the industry. The small intestine may be involved with impaired development, but studies investigating this issue are still limited. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate small intestine morphofunctional alterations in IUGR pigs throughout the production phases (birth to 150 days). IUGR pigs presented lower body weight from birth to the finishing phase (P < 0.05). Although histomorphometrical parameters were not affected during the pre-weaning period, their commitment was observed specifically in the duodenum of the IUGR group at older ages (P < 0.05). The most detrimental effects on the small intestine, such as deeper duodenum crypts’ depth, lower villus height:crypt depth ratio and absorptive area, increased apoptosis and lower proliferation of the duodenum epithelium were noticed at 70 days of age (P < 0.05). Additionally, IUGR pigs presented the lowest chymotrypsin and amylase activities at 70 and 150 days of age, respectively (P < 0.05). These findings may contribute to the elucidation of morphofunctional disorders of the small intestine in IUGR pigs throughout the different production phases, suggesting that poor postnatal development may be due to intestinal damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine growth restriction and its impact on intestinal morphophysiology throughout postnatal development in pigs

Santos

Fernandes

Araújo

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…These findings agree with the work of Douglas et al [ 19 ], who showed that AC and birth weight were good predictors of performance. This is likely due to them being indicative of stomach capacity, which is greater in larger pigs allowing more milk and colostrum to be consumed at each let down [ 31 , 32 ]. Further, our second colostrum model supports this assumption as 24 h weight was a good measure of consumed colostrum when modelled with PigProp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piglet Morphology: Indicators of Neonatal Viability?

Tucker

Petrovski

Craig³

et al. 2022

Animals

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The morphological measures, crown-to-rump length (CR), and abdominal circumference (AC) have been suggested to be as good, if not better, than birth weight for predicting piglet performance. We explored the relationships between CR and AC, and piglet weights at birth and 24 h, to investigate their predictive value for piglet survival. Piglet weight and AC at birth and 24 h, and CR at 24 h were recorded for 373 piglets born to 31 sows. Morphological measures were categorised into two levels for weight and three levels for AC and CR. Further, AC and CR groupings were concatenated to create a new variable (PigProp) to describe the proportionality of piglet morphology. Proportionate piglets had equal CR and AC levels, and disproportionate piglets had contrasting levels. Birth AC was a good predictor of colostrum intake (p < 0.001) when accounting for birth weight, but 24 h weight and PigProp were good indicators of actual colostrum intake (p < 0.001 for both). The significant interaction of colostrum and PigProp showed that within the smaller piglet groups, those who had greater than 200 g of colostrum had higher 24 h weight and survival (p < 0.001 both). As expected, as body weight and colostrum intake increased, so did weight change to d 21 (P = 0.03 and trend at p = 0.1, respectively). A similar pattern was seen with increasing PigProp group (p < 0.001); however, piglets from the disproportionate group 1,3 had the greatest observed weight change (5.15 ± 0.06 kg). Our data show morphological measures may be more predictive of piglet viability in terms of both performance and survival than weight and there may be subgroups that have higher than expected chances of survival.

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“…Amdi et al [17] identified a large variation in stomach weight and capacity in both IUGR and normal piglets at birth. Under artificial feeding conditions, the maximum capacity of a newborn IUGR piglet's stomach was ~50 mL per kg/BW [30]. This would require the feeding of colostrum at least 5 times within the first 24 h to achieve appropriate intake for improved survival.…”

Section: Colostrum Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Piglet Viability: A Review of Identification and Pre-Weaning Management Strategies

Tucker

Craig²,

Morrison³

et al. 2021

Animals

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Increased attention on the effects of the global push for a larger litter size has focused on the increased occurrence of piglets with decreased viability, which have lighter birthweights and a reduced ability to thrive in early life. To improve their odds of survival, interventions must be timely and targeted. This requires the early identification of low-viability pigs and appropriate strategies to manage them. Using novel measures such as abdominal circumference and crown to the rump length in conjunction with birth weight may provide an improved protocol for the identification of those at most risk of preweaning mortality. Further, identifying these at-risk piglets allows interventions to increase their colostrum intake and heat provisions shortly following birth. The appropriate management of the pre- and post-partum sows will improve the chances of decreasing the number of piglets born with lower viability. However, this outcome is constrained by limitations in resources such as technology and staffing. If these challenges can be overcome, it will allow for greater control and increased effectiveness in the implementation of current and new management strategies.

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The Stomach Capacity is Reduced in Intrauterine Growth Restricted Piglets Compared to Normal Piglets

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Intrauterine growth restriction and its impact on intestinal morphophysiology throughout postnatal development in pigs

Intrauterine growth restriction and its impact on intestinal morphophysiology throughout postnatal development in pigs

Piglet Morphology: Indicators of Neonatal Viability?

Piglet Viability: A Review of Identification and Pre-Weaning Management Strategies

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