The stomach in malnutrition.

Gracey, Michael; Cullity, G. J.; Suharjono, Suharjono; Sunoto,

doi:10.1136/adc.52.4.325

Cited by 55 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This hormone stimulates the motor activity of stomach and thus has a strong influence on promoting the stomach emptying (Guyton, 1996). Gracey et al (1977) reported a reduction in gastric acid output in malnourished children in Indonesia, with a significant decrease in serum gastrin levels compared to the control group. In addition, the differences in T(1/2) between the studied groups can be explained by the degree of decrease in gastrin hormone in the different groups of PEM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ultrasonographic gastric emptying in protein energy malnutrition: effect of type of meal and nutritional recovery

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective and Design: The earlier reports of disturbed gastric motility in protein energy malnutrition (PEM) point out to its possible contribution in the difficulties faced during nutritional rehabilitation. This study was thus designed to assess the ultrasonographic gastric emptying time (GET) using 20 ml/kg body weight of both liquid and semisolid meals, in 27 patients suffering from PEM as well as in 15 healthy matching infants to delineate any defect present, its degree in different types of PEM and the effect of nutritional rehabilitation. Patients: The patients were recruited from the in-patient department of Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. They were divided into three groups: 10 marasmic infants, 10 marasmic kwashiorkor (marasmic KWO) and seven kwashiorkor (KWO) cases. Ultrasonographic GET assessment was carried out within 72 h of admission and 3077 days after nutritional rehabilitation. Results: The gastric half-emptying time T(1/2) of both liquid and semisolid meals was markedly prolonged in patients with marasmus and marasmic KWO. It was more delayed for the semisolid than the liquid meals. This delay was reversible after nutritional rehabilitation of the patients, indicating that it was secondary to the malnourished status. On the other hand, T(1/2) of both liquid and semisolid meals showed no statistically significant delay in the KWO group and nutritional rehabilitation added no further to the results. Conclusion: PEM, especially marasmus and marasmic KWO, causes a delay in GET, which is reversible on nutritional recovery. This must be considered during nutritional rehabilitation of such patients to decrease the duration of their hospitalization and thus decrease the morbidity in PEM. Sponsorship: This study was supported by a university fund from

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stomach shows mucosal atrophy with decreased acid secretion (Adesola, 1968;Gracey et al, 1977). In addition, Viteri and Schneider (1974) had reported that gastric dilatation is frequently observed among children with PEM, suggesting that stomach motility is affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic gastric emptying in protein energy malnutrition: effect of type of meal and nutritional recovery

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hypochlorhydria (4 Ͻ pH Ͻ 7) (3) and achlorhydria (pH Ͼ 7) can be acquired or iatrogenic. Acquired hypochlorhydria can result from atrophic gastritis or be induced by malnutrition (10,15). Iatrogenic hypochlorhydria can be caused by gastric surgery or by drugs that inhibit acid secretion (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Gastric Acid on Susceptibility to Infection with Ingested Bacterial Pathogens

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the widely held belief that gastric acid serves as a barrier to bacterial pathogens, there are almost no experimental data to support this hypothesis. We have developed a mouse model to quantify the effectiveness of gastric acid in mediating resistance to infection with ingested bacteria. Mice that were constitutively hypochlorhydric due to a mutation in a gastric H ؉ /K ؉ -ATPase (proton pump) gene were infected with Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Citrobacter rodentium, or Clostridium perfringens cells or spores. Significantly greater numbers of Yersinia, Salmonella, and Citrobacter cells (P < 0.006) and Clostridium spores (P ‫؍‬ 0.02) survived in hypochlorhydric mice, resulting in reduced median infectious doses. Experiments involving intraperitoneal infection or infection of mice treated with antacids indicated that the increased sensitivity of hypochlorhydric mice to infection was entirely due to the absence of stomach acid. Apart from establishing the role of gastric acid in nonspecific immunity to ingested bacterial pathogens, our model provides an excellent system with which to investigate the effects of hypochlorhydria on susceptibility to infection and to evaluate the in vivo susceptibility to gastric acid of orally administered therapies, such as vaccines and probiotics.

show abstract

“…The prevalence of achlorhydria is gener ally high in poorer underdeveloped nations, where it is closely associated with malnutri tion [13][14][15]. In one study [14] of 14 mal nourished children, 9 had a marked reduc tion in basal acid output and all had reduced peak acid output to pentagastrin.…”

Section: Consequences Of Achlorhydriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study [14] of 14 mal nourished children, 9 had a marked reduc tion in basal acid output and all had reduced peak acid output to pentagastrin. Of the 9 in whom gastric mucosal biopsy was per formed, 8 had diffuse gastritis.…”

Section: Consequences Of Achlorhydriamentioning

confidence: 99%