The strategy of reducing the location update traffic using forwarding pointers in virtual layer architecture

The Virtual Overlap Region with Forwarding Pointer (VORFP) Technique for Tracking Mobile Users in Personal Communication Systems

“…When the MT frequently moves in a boundary between LAs, more HLR updates are required and HLR may likely become a bottleneck. The pointers forwarding technique [7,10,14] has been proposed to efficiently reduce the update cost. In this approach, the main idea is to set up a forwarding pointer from an old database to a new database when an MT leaves the old LA toward a new LA.…”

“…Therefore, this scheme significantly reduces the update rate and update cost when a user moves and backs in boundaries of LAs. A scheme is proposed in [14] that uses forwarding pointers in virtual layer to reduce both the update cost and update rate. Both schemes proposed in [5,14] require the reconstruction of the architecture of PCS in which one SubMSC is needed for each virtual layer.…”

“…Therefore, we have C S,H = 1 in general. The comparison of HLR and VLR database accesses among different techniques is as follows: Forwarding pointer [7] Virtual layer with forwarding pointers [14] Overlap region [ searched. Therefore, the virtual overlapping region with time stamp is more expensive for searching the location information.…”

“…The search costs for different user tracking techniques Scheme IS-41 [2]Forwarding pointer[7] Virtual layer with forwarding pointers[14] Overlap region[13] VORFP…”

A Novel Location Tracking Scheme for Reducing Location Updating Traffic in a Personal Communication System

“…To solve the location management problem, various architectures of distributed databases have been proposed to store the locations of mobile users, like the famous two-tier architecture [16], the hierarchical architecture [16], and many other strategies of location management [1][2][3][9][10][11][12][13]15,17]. There are two purposes of developing these location management schemes.…”