The stratigraphy of Barbuda, West Indies

Brasier, Martin D.; Mather, J. D.

doi:10.1017/s0016756800047026

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although the age of the lower sedimentary unit composing the Highland Formation is well known (Brasier & Mather, 1975; Cornee et al., 2021), the upper surface of the formation is highly weathered (Cornee et al., 2021) rendering the identification and the dating of the foraminifera assemblage difficult, with large age uncertainty (see Appendix H from the supplementary material of Cornee et al., 2021). Hence, this upper formation may be 2.5 Ma old (Cornee et al., 2021), but we cannot exclude the possibility that the upper part of the formation was in part eroded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Palmetto Point Formation was estimated to be of Holocene age (Brasier & Donahue, 1985; Brasier & Mather, 1975). At Palmetto Point, on the central west coast of Barbuda, and in a few other places on the west coast, the formation is composed of a system of beach ridges prograding toward the sea (Russell & McIntire, 1966).…”

Section: Previous Work On Barbuda Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction Between Climate and Tectonics in the Northern Lesser Antilles Inferred From the Last Interglacial Shoreline on Barbuda Island

Weil-Accardo

Feuillet

Philibosian

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The Lesser Antilles island arc is located on the eastern border of the Caribbean plate (Figure 1a), where the North and South American plates are subducting below the overriding Caribbean plate at a convergence rate of about 2 cm/yr (DeMets et al., 2000). The historical seismicity catalog, beginning with the first European settlements, mentions only two ≈ Mw 8 likely megathrust earthquakes, occurring 4 years apart, in 1839 and 1843 offshore Martinique and Guadeloupe islands, respectively (Figure 1a) (Feuillard, 1985;Robson, 1964). With its low convergence rate, evidence of weak seismicity from the instrumental record, and lack of major earthquakes since the year 1900, the Lesser Antilles megathrust has often been considered as aseismic (Stein et al., 1982), corroborated by the low plate interface coupling derived from geodetic data (Manaker et al., 2008;Symithe et al., 2015;van Rijsingen et al., 2020). However, deformation patterns within the short time window provided by instrumental records might not be representative of the subduction interface behavior over longer timescales. Moreover, the spatial coverage of geodetic stations is sparse and instruments are often located far from the trench, where they may not be sensitive to small seismogenic fault patches.Several lines of evidence, however, are not consistent with the conclusions of the short-term and sparse geodetic measurements. The existence of emergent and submerged marine terraces in the Guadeloupe archipelago (from the forearc to the arc) highlight a pattern of long-term vertical deformation, which has been interpreted to be linked to plate-scale subduction processes (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Work On Barbuda Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Climate and Tectonics in the Northern Lesser Antilles Inferred From the Last Interglacial Shoreline on Barbuda Island

Weil-Accardo

Feuillet

Philibosian

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The Barbuda island consists of four shallow water carbonate formations (Fm.) separated by subaerial erosional surfaces (Brasier and Mather, 1975) (Reed, 1921), middle Miocene (Brasier and Mather, 1975), early Pliocene (Brasier and Donahue, 1985;Watters et al, 1991) or Pleistocene (Russell and Mc Intire, 1966;Land et al, 1967;Martin Kaye, 1969).…”

Section: Antigua Bankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lost islands in the northern Lesser Antilles: possible milestones in the Cenozoic dispersal of terrestrial organisms between South-America and the Greater Antilles

Cornée

Münch

Philippon

et al. 2021

Earth-Science Reviews

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Our study aims to reconstruct the palaeogeography of the northern part of the Lesser Antilles in order to analyse whether emerged areas might have existed during the Cenozoic, favouring terrestrial faunal dispersals between South America and the Greater Antilles along the present-day Lesser Antilles arc. The stratigraphy and depositional environments of the islands of Anguilla, St Martin, Tintamarre, St Barthélemy, Barbuda and Antigua are reviewed in association with multichannel reflection seismic data acquired offshore since the 80's in the Saba, Anguilla and Antigua Banks and in the Kalinago Basin, including the most recent academic and industrial surveys. Seven seismic megasequences and seven regional unconformities are defined, and calibrated from deep wells on the Saba Bank and various dredges performed during marine cruises since the 70's in the vicinity of the islands. Onshore and offshore correlations allow us to depict an updated and detailed sedimentary organisation of the northern part of the Lesser Antilles from the late Eocene to the late Pleistocene. Paleogeographic reconstructions reveal sequences of uplift and emergence across hundredswide areas during the late Eocene, the late Oligocene, the early middle-Miocene and the latest Miocene-earliest Pliocene, interspersed by drowning episodes. The ∼200 km-long and ∼20 km-wide Kalinago Basin opened as an intra-arc basin during the late Eocene -early Oligocene. These periods of emergence may have favoured the existence of episodic mega-islands and transient terrestrial connections between the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles and the northern part of the Aves Ridge (Saba Bank). During the Pleistocene, archipelagos and mega-islands formed repeatedly during glacial maximum episodes.

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“…Montserrat, the sole representative of the Volcanic arc, is dominated by five major volcanic centers and three parasitic volcanoes that have extruded mainly andesitic lavas and pyroclastics (Rea, 1974). Barbuda, in marked contrast with Montserrat, is a flat island composed entirely of Pliocene to Pleistocene limestones and Holocene carbonate sediments along its beaches and offshore (Brasier and Mather, 1975;Brasier and Donahue, 1985). Anguilla, which resembles Barbuda topographically, is a relatively low relief island consisting of flat lying limestones, but with very limited exposures of Eocene or Oligocene volcanics (Martin-Kaye, 1959:43-47; Christman, 1953 is a "composite" island with older volcanics and more recent carbonate deposits (Christman, 1953).…”

Section: Physical Se'itingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin section petrography of northern Lesser Antilles ceramics

1990

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Thin sections from 44 sherds representing eight prehistoric sites on four islands (Barbuda, Montserrat, Anguilla, St. Martin) in the northern Lesser Antilles (West Indies) were examined using a petrographic microscope. Point counting distinguished three temper associations: (1) exclusively volcanic,(2) volcanic and carbonate, and (3) volcanic, carbonate, and grog. Exclusively volcanic or dominantly volcanic (with low carbonate) temper associations occur in all Saladoid and many post‐Saladoid sherds, with plagioclase feld‐spar and volcanic rock fragments being most abundant. Thin sections with significant carbonate content or with grog were restricted to post‐Saladoid sherds from Barbuda and to a lesser extent Anguilla. the presence of volcanic grains in sherds from the limestone islands of Barbuda and Anguilla indicates that volcanic islands in the region served as sources of pottery (or volcanic temper) for these two islands.

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The stratigraphy of Barbuda, West Indies

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Interaction Between Climate and Tectonics in the Northern Lesser Antilles Inferred From the Last Interglacial Shoreline on Barbuda Island

Interaction Between Climate and Tectonics in the Northern Lesser Antilles Inferred From the Last Interglacial Shoreline on Barbuda Island

Lost islands in the northern Lesser Antilles: possible milestones in the Cenozoic dispersal of terrestrial organisms between South-America and the Greater Antilles

Thin section petrography of northern Lesser Antilles ceramics

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