The Stratospheric Warming of January-February 1957

Equatorial stratospheric thermal structure and ozone variations during the sudden stratospheric warming of 2013

“…There is a heating tendency at polar latitudes (Lowenthal, 1957;Murray, 1960) and cooling at tropical latitudes as a result of heat flux divergence leading to zonal mean upward (downward) motion at polar (tropical) latitudes . Although vertical motions play a major role in evolution of stratospheric temperature during a polar warming event (Craig and Hering, 1959), the event is believed to originate from the dominance of eddy heating over the effect of the mean upward motions (Matsuno, 1971). This mechanism predicts a polar warming and lower latitude cooling in agreement with observations (Fritz and Soules, 1970;Labitzke, 1972).…”

Planetary Waves in the Upper Stratosphere in Early 1966

“…Following the discovery of the sudden warming by Scherhag (1952), a number of studies have been made from various standpoints based upon the data of high altitude balloon observations in the hemispheric scale. In early papers by warnecke (1956), Teweles (1958), Craig and Hering (1959) and others the warming phenomenon was investigated synoptically. Efforts have also been made to explain the phenomenon as a manifestation of a kind of dynamical instability associated with the polar night westerlies in the stratosphere (Murray, 1960: Charney andStern, 1962;Matsuno andHirota, 1966: Hirota, 1967a).…”

The Kinetic-Energy Budget of the Stratosphere Over North America During the Warming of 1957

“…The initial stages of the warming (at least at and below the 25 mb level) took place over southeastern Canada and the subsequent passage of the warm center occurred over an area of relatively good data coverage, according to stratospheric standards. The evolution of the temperature and wind fields during this warming has been described by Teweles (1958) and by Craig and Hering (1959). Although such descriptions are of importance, an 3 investigation of changes in the vertical motion patterns and associated energy transformations would be of great use in adding to our knowledge of the dynamics of such warmings.…”