The stress-affiliation paradigm revisited: Do people prefer the kindness of strangers or their attractiveness?

Li, Norman P.; Halterman, Rose; Cason, Margaret J.; Knight, George P.; Maner, Jon K.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.08.017

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We found that COVID-19 concern was directly related to a perceived increase in the importance of a partner's stability and family commitment, providing support for H1. This is consistent with previous research suggesting that attributes that facilitate coping with stress become more valuable when dealing with stress (e.g., Li et al, 2008). For example, in times of economic hardship, it may put one's mind at ease to know that their romantic partner can serve as an emotional or financial support system.…”

Section: Preferences For Stability and Family Commitmentsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Yet, the importance of physical attractiveness may decrease in times of stress, when other partner qualities such as companionship and support may facilitate coping for the relationship seeker. An experiment showed that men who completed a task while experiencing low levels of stress preferred to affiliate with attractive women over kind women (Li et al, 2008). However, men placed in a high-stress situation preferred to interact with kind women over attractive women.…”

Section: Covid-19 and Partner Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Settling down without settling: Perceived changes in partner preferences in response to COVID-19

Alexopoulos

Timmermans

Sharabi

et al. 2021

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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The goal of this study was to explore the positive association between concern related to COVID-19 and single individuals’ perceived changes to their partner preferences. In addition, we investigated the mediating role of fear of being single. Results indicated that people with greater COVID-19 concern perceived an increase in the importance of stability, family commitment, and physical/social attractiveness, as well as fear of being single. Fear of being single only negatively predicted the importance of physical/social attractiveness, whereas it positively predicted the importance of stability and family commitment. Thus, in most cases, people with a greater concern for COVID-19 perceived themselves to become more selective, even when they exhibit higher levels of fear of being single.

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Section: Preferences For Stability and Family Commitmentsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Covid-19 and Partner Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Settling down without settling: Perceived changes in partner preferences in response to COVID-19

Alexopoulos

Timmermans

Sharabi

et al. 2021

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, in the first study to apply the rank-order paradigm (Wheeler, 1966), male participants were told following a test that they were in the middle rank (i.e., 4) in a group of seven and that they may select the score they would like to know of one other participant. Many studies also applied the affiliation paradigm, where participants were told that they will experience an electric shock and were offered the choice of waiting with others who might differ with respect to whether they are also awaiting an electric shock, their level of fear, overall similarity, or certain personal characteristics (e.g., Li, Halterman, Cason, Knight, & Maner, 2008). In studies using the looking measures paradigm, participants are offered the opportunity to examine social information and the degree to which they take that opportunity is measured (e.g., Corpus, Ogle, & Love-Geiger, 2006).…”

Section: Shortcomings Of Current Literature On Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons inform me who I am: A general comparative processing model of self-perception

Morina¹

2020

Preprint

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Our self-concept contributes to our sense of identity over time. Yet, self-perception is motivated and serves survival and thus does not reflect stable inner states or accurate biographical accounts. Literature indicates that different types of comparison standards act as reference frames in evaluating attributes that constitute the self. However, the role of comparisons in self-perception has been underestimated, arguably due to lack of a guiding framework that takes into account relevant aspects of comparison processes and their interdependence. I propose a general comparative model of self-perception that consists of a basic comparison process involving the individual's prior mental representation of the target dimension, the construal of the comparison standard, and the comparison outcome representing the posterior representation of the target dimension. The generated dimensional construal is then appraised with respect to one's motives and controllability and goes on to shape emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses. Contextual and personal factors influence the comparison process. This model may be informative in better understanding comparison processes in our everyday life as well as in designing interventions to assist people overcome undesirable consequences of comparative behavior. [182 words]

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“…A complementary implication is that complex social situations will be processed very differently depending on which fundamental motivational systems are currently active. If a woman enters a room full of people, she will attend to, remember, and behave very differently if she is concerned about threats to physical safety as compared to finding a romantic partner (e.g., Griskevicius, Goldstein, et al, 2006; Kenrick, Delton, Robertson, Becker, & Neuberg, 2007; N. Li, Halterman, Cason, Knight, & Maner, 2008; Maner et al, 2005, Neuberg, Kenrick, Maner, & Schaller, 2004; Schaller et al, 2007).…”

Section: A Modular View Of Utilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Rationality: The Evolutionary Economics of Decision Making

et al. 2009

Self Cite

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What is a "rational" decision? Economists traditionally viewed rationality as maximizing expected satisfaction. This view has been useful in modeling basic microeconomic concepts, but falls short in accounting for many everyday human decisions. It leaves unanswered why some things reliably make people more satisfied than others, and why people frequently act to make others happy at a cost to themselves. Drawing on an evolutionary perspective, we propose that people make decisions according to a set of principles that may not appear to make sense at the superficial level, but that demonstrate rationality at a deeper evolutionary level. By this, we mean that people use adaptive domain-specific decision-rules that, on average, would have resulted in fitness benefits. Using this framework, we re-examine several economic principles. We suggest that traditional psychological functions governing risk aversion, discounting of future benefits, and budget allocations to multiple goods, for example, vary in predictable ways as a function of the underlying motive of the decision-maker and individual differences linked to evolved life-history strategies. A deep rationality framework not only helps explain why people make the decisions they do, but also inspires multiple directions for future research.Consider the array of decisions facing a 30-year old MBA graduate just beginning her first full-time management position. In her first days on the job, she will be asked to choose between several investment packages for retirement, with different mixtures of risky versus safe investments. Not long thereafter, she will need to make equally complex decisions about how to invest her scarce time and effort at work (e.g., choosing between various projects, forming alliances with coworkers, impressing superiors, managing subordinates), and in her personal life (e.g., finding a romantic partner, spending time with friends and family, starting her own family) as well as making decisions about how to make trade-offs between work and personal life. Such decisions are fundamentally microeconomic, in that they involve an individual's allocation of limited resources. Traditionally, microeconomic decisions have been modeled on broad notions of rational choice whereby entities attempt to maximize their utility, or expected satisfaction (e.g. Bronfenbrenner, Sichel, & Gardner, 1990;Mas-Collel, Whinston, & Green, 1995 In what follows, we suggest an expanded, evolutionarily-informed view of rationality that utilizes classic economic tools and also takes into account recent theory and findings at the intersection of evolutionary biology and cognitive science. Evolutionary approaches are inherently economic in nature, focusing on individuals' allocation of scarce resources to various fitness-relevant activities. A key assumption of the evolutionary perspective is that the human brain contains not one monolithic "rational decision-making device," but rather a number of different decision-systems, each operating according to different rules. ...

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The stress-affiliation paradigm revisited: Do people prefer the kindness of strangers or their attractiveness?

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Settling down without settling: Perceived changes in partner preferences in response to COVID-19

Settling down without settling: Perceived changes in partner preferences in response to COVID-19

Comparisons inform me who I am: A general comparative processing model of self-perception

Deep Rationality: The Evolutionary Economics of Decision Making

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