The strongest gravitational lenses

Redlich, Matthias; Bartelmann, Matthias; Waizmann, Jean-Claude; Fedeli, C.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219722

Cited by 59 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, in our paper, we conservatively neglect the impact of mergers on the extreme value distribution. The results of Redlich et al (2012) indicate that the inclusion of mergers can be expected to significantly shift the distribution to larger Einstein radii. Thus, the results presented in our paper can be considered as conservative estimates.…”

Section: Semi-analytic Modelling Of the Distribution Of Einstein Radiimentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For the semi-analytic modelling of the distribution of Einstein radii, we closely follow the work of Redlich et al (2012), which provides a more detailed discussion of the algorithm, including the computation of the lensing signal and the cosmological population of haloes. Therefore, we will in this section only briefly summarise those aspects of the semi-analytic modelling that will be needed to follow the remainder of this work.…”

Section: Semi-analytic Modelling Of the Distribution Of Einstein Radiimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we study the distributions of the single largest Einstein radius by means of semi-analytic modelling of the halo distribution on the past lightcone, as introduced in Redlich et al (2012). On the basis of the study of Oguri et al (2003), the haloes are modelled using triaxial density profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The strongest gravitational lenses

Waizmann

Redlich

Bartelmann

2012

A&A

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Context. With the amount and quality of galaxy cluster data increasing, the question arises whether or not the standard cosmological model can be questioned on the basis of a single observed extreme galaxy cluster. Usually, the word extreme refers directly to cluster mass, which is not a direct observable and thus subject to substantial uncertainty. Hence, it is desirable to extend studies of extreme clusters to direct observables, such as the Einstein radius. Aims. We aim to evaluate the occurrence probability of the large observed Einstein radius of MACS J0717.5+3745 within the standard ΛCDM cosmology. In particular, we want to model the distribution function of the single largest Einstein radius in a given cosmological volume and to study which underlying assumptions and effects have the strongest impact on the results. Methods. We obtain this distribution by a Monte Carlo approach, based on the semi-analytic modelling of the halo population on the past lightcone. After sampling the distribution, we fit the results with the general extreme value (GEV) distribution which we use for the subsequent analysis. Results. We find that the distribution of the maximum Einstein radius is particularly sensitive to the precise choice of the halo mass function, lens triaxiality, the inner slope of the halo density profile and the mass-concentration relation. Using the distributions so obtained, we study the occurrence probability of the large Einstein radius of MACS J0717.5+3745, finding that this system is not in tension with ΛCDM. We also find that the GEV distribution can be used to fit very accurately the sampled distributions and that all of them can be described by a (type-II) Fréchet distribution. Conclusions. With a multitude of effects that strongly influence the distribution of the single largest Einstein radius, it is more than doubtful that the standard ΛCDM cosmology can be ruled out on the basis of a single observation. If, despite the large uncertainties in the underlying assumptions, one wanted to do so, a much larger Einstein radius ( > ∼ 100 ) than that of MACS J0717.5+3745 would have to be observed.

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Section: Semi-analytic Modelling Of the Distribution Of Einstein Radiimentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Semi-analytic Modelling Of the Distribution Of Einstein Radiimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The strongest gravitational lenses

Waizmann

Redlich

Bartelmann

2012

A&A

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“…The robustness of this definition has already been tested and discussed in a series of works (Meneghetti et al 2008(Meneghetti et al , 2010aRedlich et al 2012;Giocoli et al 2014) to which we remind the reader for more details. The size of the Einstein radius defines a measure of the strong lensing region and, for an axially symmetric lens, permits to estimate the mass enclosed within it using the equation:…”

Section: Strong Lensing Of Clusters In the Millennium-xxl Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the significance of SLCs, characterising this peculiar class of object is crucial and this has been the focus of many studies (for example : Hennawi et al 2007;Meneghetti et al 2010a;Redlich et al 2012;Waizmann et al 2012). This is also the motivation of the present work, where we aim at characterising which clusters do generate strong lensing features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterizing strong lensing galaxy clusters using the Millennium-XXL and moka simulations

Giocoli¹,

Bonamigo²,

Limousin³

et al. 2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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In this paper we investigate the strong lensing statistics in galaxy clusters. We extract dark matter haloes from the Millennium-XXL simulation, compute their Einstein radius distribution, and find a very good agreement with Monte Carlo predictions produced with the MOKA code. The distribution of the Einstein radii is well described by a log-normal distribution, with a considerable fraction of the largest systems boosted by different projection effects. We discuss the importance of substructures and triaxiality in shaping the size of the critical lines for cluster size haloes. We then model and interpret the different deviations, accounting for the presence of a Bright Central Galaxy (BCG) and two different stellar mass density profiles. We present scaling relations between weak lensing quantities and the size of the Einstein radii. Finally we discuss how sensible is the distribution of the Einstein radii on the cosmological parameters Ω M − σ 8 finding that cosmologies with higher Ω M and σ 8 possess a large sample of strong lensing clusters. The Einstein radius distribution may help distinguish Planck13 and WMAP7 cosmology at 3σ.

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Cluster–galaxy weak lensing

Umetsu

2020

Astron Astrophys Rev

111

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Weak gravitational lensing of background galaxies provides a direct probe of the projected matter distribution in and around galaxy clusters. Here, we present a self-contained pedagogical review of cluster–galaxy weak lensing, covering a range of topics relevant to its cosmological and astrophysical applications. We begin by reviewing the theoretical foundations of gravitational lensing from first principles, with a special attention to the basics and advanced techniques of weak gravitational lensing. We summarize and discuss key findings from recent cluster–galaxy weak-lensing studies on both observational and theoretical grounds, with a focus on cluster mass profiles, the concentration–mass relation, the splashback radius, and implications from extensive mass-calibration efforts for cluster cosmology.

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The strongest gravitational lenses

Cited by 59 publications

References 54 publications

The strongest gravitational lenses

The strongest gravitational lenses

Characterizing strong lensing galaxy clusters using the Millennium-XXL and moka simulations

Cluster–galaxy weak lensing

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