The structural capacity of laminated timber compression elements in fire: A meta-analysis

Wiesner, Felix; Bisby, Luke

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.04.009

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These parameters are only valid for heating but could benefit from extension to capture the decay phase. In our simulations charring during the decay phase is small (< 6 mm) while Wiesner and Bisby [49] observed significant charring ($ 20 mm). We attribute this discrepancy to the difference in set-up (column vs. slab, and enclosed vs. open furnace), the cooling time (2-3 min vs. 33 min), and different oxygen flow conditions (8 vs. 21% Oxygen).…”

Section: Comparison Of Non-uniform and Traditional Design Firescontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…In order to account for the strength decay ahead of the char front, one adds 7 mm to the char depth in the calculation. These 7 mm are called the zero-strength layer, but the thickness of the layer has been questioned recently [49]. Implicitly, the 7 mm zero-strength layer assumes that the temperature rise beyond 7 mm from the char front is small so that the strength loss is small.…”

Section: Discussion On Zero-strength Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Response of Timber Slabs Exposed to Travelling Fires and Traditional Design Fires

et al. 2020

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Engineered timber is an innovative and sustainable construction material, but its uptake has been hindered by concerns about its performance in fire. Current building regulations measure the fire performance of timber using fire resistance tests. In these tests, the charring rate is measured under a series of heat exposures (design fires) and from this the structural performance is deduced. Charring rates are currently only properly understood for the heat exposure of a standard fire, not for other exposures, which restricts the use of performance-based design. This paper studies the charring rates under a range of design fires. We used a multiscale charring model at the microscale (mg-samples), mesoscale (g-samples), and macroscale (kg-samples) for several wood species exposed to different heating regimes and boundary conditions. At the macroscale, the model blindly predicts in-depth temperatures and char depths during standard and parametric fires with an error between 5% and 22%. Comparing simulations of charring under travelling fires, parametric fires, and the standard fire revealed two findings. Firstly, their charring rates significantly differ, with maximum char depths of 42 mm (travelling), 46 mm (parametric), and 59 mm (standard fire), and one (standard fire) to four (travelling fire) charring stages (no charring, slow growth, fast growth, steady-state). Secondly, we observed zero-strength layers (depth between the 200 °C and 300 °C isotherm) of 7 to 12 mm from the exposed surface in travelling fires compared to 5 to 11 mm in parametric fires, and 7 mm in the standard fire. Both traditional design fires and travelling fires, therefore, need to be considered in structural calculations. These results help engineers to move towards performance-based design by allowing the calculation of charring rates for a wide range of design fires. In turn, this will help engineers to build more sustainable and safe structures with timber.

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Section: Comparison Of Non-uniform and Traditional Design Firescontrasting

confidence: 42%

Section: Discussion On Zero-strength Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Response of Timber Slabs Exposed to Travelling Fires and Traditional Design Fires

et al. 2020

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“…Harry Ga erer (2017) and Muthmainnah (2014) study tested various cross-laminated timbers for the structural columns and wooden panels. e results showed that the materials were relatively poor in resisting any re occurrences as the behavior of the adhesive used to bind cross-laminated is prone to cause res [17,18]…”

Section: Fig 5 Cross-section Of Glulam Beam; (A) Longitudinal Crossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Added values of the local timbers materials for main bridge frame structures utilizing laminating composites technology

Sandhyavitri

Fakhri

Husaini

et al. 2020

J. Appl. Mat. Tech.

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The objectives of this article are to seek the opportunity to enhance the local Indonesia timber material physical performances (encompassing the low-class quality of III and IV timbers with the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) = 5,000 - 9,000 MPa) utilizing laminated composite technology to become higher-class timber quality (class II) with the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)> 15,000 MPa so that it can be used as an alternative material for constructing the bridge mainframe structures (girder beams) especially for the Indragiri Hilir regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. This regency needs several hundred small-medium bridges for connecting 20 districts, 39 wards, and 197 villages using local materials such as local timbers. This laminating technology is not a new technology but the utilization of this technology for constructing the main bridges structures is challenging and limited to the implementation in the civil construction industrial sector. This study composed 2 types of the low-class quality (lcq) of timber materials (such as Shorea sp and Shorea peltata Sym) and 2 types of medium class-quality (mcq) ones (Dipterocarpus and Calophyllum) for constructing the main bridge structures. Based on the laboratory test results utilizing 80% of lcq materials and 20% mcq ones, these composite timber materials may increase the timbers MOE by 145% to 166% from the existing MOE value of the mcq solid timbers. Based on the simulations these laminated composites wooden bridge girders 2 x (70x20) m2, these timber materials have passed all the tests and the application of this technology may improve the lcq timber values and it could be used for an alternative material of the bridge girder's main structures.

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“…Thanks to many advanced mechanical properties, the engineered timber products such as Cross-Laminated Timber and Structural Composite Lumber can be used as primary structural materials for the construction of medium-height tall buildings [3]. Intensive research has been conducted to enable engineered wood for high-rise buildings in both structural aspects [4][5][6][7][8][9], as well as fire characteristics [1,2,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting fire resistance ratings of timber structures using artificial neural networks

Tung

Hung

2020

STCE

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This paper describes a method to predict the fire resistance ratings of the wooden floor assemblies using Artificial Neural Networks. Experimental data collected from the previously published reports were used to train, validate, and test the proposed ANN model. A series of model configurations were examined using different popular training algorithms to obtain the optimal structure for the model. It is shown that the proposed ANN model can successfully predict the fire resistance ratings of the wooden floor assemblies from the input variables with an average absolute error of four percent. Besides, the sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the effects of the separate input parameter on the output. Results from analysis revealed that the fire resistance ratings are sensitive to the change of Applied Load (ALD) and the number of the Ceiling Finish Layer (CFL) input variables. On the other hand, the outputs are less sensitive to a variation of the Joist Type (JTY) parameter. Keywords: artificial neural networks; fire resistance; wooden floor assembly; sensitivity analysis.

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The structural capacity of laminated timber compression elements in fire: A meta-analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Thermal Response of Timber Slabs Exposed to Travelling Fires and Traditional Design Fires

Thermal Response of Timber Slabs Exposed to Travelling Fires and Traditional Design Fires

Added values of the local timbers materials for main bridge frame structures utilizing laminating composites technology

Predicting fire resistance ratings of timber structures using artificial neural networks

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