The Structural Characterization of Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, and Asphaltene Fractions of Batiraman Crude Oil

Akmaz, Solmaz; İşcan, Özlem; Gürkaynak, M. Ali; Yaşar, Muzaffer

doi:10.1080/10916460903330361

Cited by 82 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Resin is a heavier fraction than aromatics and saturates. Figure 4.26 shows a representative structure of resins fraction in crude oil (Akmaz et al 2011). Resins and asphaltenes have high aromatic structure.…”

Section: Conversion Of Heavy Oil To Light Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The asphaltenes fraction, as a dark brown-black suspended solid, contains the largest percentage of heteroatoms (O, S, N) and organometallic constituents (Ni, V, Fe) in the crude oil. Resin is a heavier fraction than aromatics and saturates (Akmaz et al 2011). Resins are composed of fused aromatic rings with branched paraffin and polar compounds.…”

Section: Removing Of Resins From Petroleummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saturates are non-polar aliphatic hydrocarbons, without double bonds, but including straight-chain and branch alkenes as well as cycloalkanes (naphtenes). Figure 4.24 shows a representative structure of resins fraction in crude oil (Akmaz et al 2011). The aromatics consist of aromatic groups with aliphatic side chains.…”

Section: Conversion Of Heavy Oil To Light Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy from Waste Materials and Unconventional Sources

Demırbas

2016

Waste Energy for Life Cycle Assessment

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Section: Conversion Of Heavy Oil To Light Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Removing Of Resins From Petroleummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conversion Of Heavy Oil To Light Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energy from Waste Materials and Unconventional Sources

Demırbas

2016

Waste Energy for Life Cycle Assessment

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“…Heavy crude oil contains substantial quantities of complex hydrocarbons, heteroatoms and metal contents, which are costly to process. [13,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Biotransformation Technique on Heavy Crude Oil

Al-Sayegh

Al-Wahaibi

Al-Bahry³

et al. 2017

GEOMATE

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Abundance of heavy crude oil resources and costly enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques necessitate development of inexpensive heavy oil recovery methods. Microbial EOR (MEOR) techniques are environmentally friendly and need little input of energy to produce MEOR agents. One potential application of MEOR is in the biotransformation of heavy oil where bacteria break heavier fractions of heavy crude oil to lighter compounds; thus, improving oil recovery. In this study, two spore forming bacteria: Bacillus subtilis AS2 and Bacillus licheniformis AS5, which were isolated from heavy oil (13.3 °API) contaminated soil samples from a heavy oil field, Oman, were tested for their biotransformation abilities. Bacterial growth was analyzed by optical density measurements and heavy crude oil recovery was determined by core flooding experiments. At aerobic biodegradation flask experiments, M2 medium spiked with glucose had the highest bacteria growth and crude oil biodegradation in comparison with: (1) M2 medium with no added chemicals and (2) M2 medium spiked with sodium thiosulfate. At anaerobic in situ conditions Berea sandstone core flooding experiments, additional 2.9% and 3.1% of residual oil saturation was recovered by B. subtilis AS2 and B. licheniformis AS5 respectively after one week of incubation. By increasing the incubation time and inoculation percentage for isolate AS5, the oil recovery increased to 5.0%. When glucose was added to M2 medium, AS5 oil recovery increased to 16.4%.The results showed that locally isolated bacterial strains have the potential for biotransformation of heavy oil and enhanced oil recovery.

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“…Heavy crude oils contain higher complex hydrocarbon molecules, heteroatoms and metal contents compared with lighter crude oil [20]. Crude oil is needed in various field in the petroleum industry example are studies related to reservoir evaluation, processing, environmental effects and migration [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%