The structural gene for yeast cytochrome C.

Sherman, Fred; Stewart, John; Margoliash, E.; Parker, J. G.; Campbell, Wayne

doi:10.1073/pnas.55.6.1498

Cited by 119 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since the hinge protein of the beef heart bCl complex is proposed to play a role in the interaction between the cytochromes bcl and c, we hypothesized that its yeast counterpart would function in a similar way so that the 17 kDa protein might be essential for respiration of cells containing limited amount of cytochrome c. S. cerevisiae contains two cytochrome c genes, the major gene CYC1 encoding 95070 of the cytochrome c in cells [30] and CYC7 encoding the remaining 5070 [31]. Deletion of the CYC1 gene reduces the cytochrome c levels to 5070 of that of the wild type, but only marginally affects the growth on glycerol, ethanol, or acetate, although such cells cannot grow on lactate [32].…”

Section: Construction Of Cycl-117 Kda-mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of the gene encoding subunit VI of yeast cytochrome bc₁ complex causes respiratory deficiency of cells with reduced cytochrome c levels

Kim

Zitomer

1990

FEBS Letters

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A double mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which CYCI gene is deleted and the chromosomal copy of the 17 kDa protein gene is disrupted, has been constructed. This mutant cannot grow on nonfermentable carbon sources, but normal growth can be restored by complementation of either mutation with a yeast vector containing either the wild-type 17 kDa protein gene or the CYCI gene. These results show that although the 17 kDa protein, subunit VI of yeast cytochrome bq complex is dispensable for yeast mitochondrial respiration in cells with the wild-type levels of cytochrome c, the 17 kDa protein is essential for respiration when the level of cytoehrome c is limited, indicating that is plays a role in electron transport. This glycerol-phenotype of the double mutant can serve as the basis for further genetic studies on the function of the 17 kDa protein in yeast mitochondria and may provide insight into the physiological function of the hinge protein, the counterpart of the yeast 17 kDa protein, in beef heart mitochondria.Yeast 17 kDa protein; Cytochrome bc 1 complex; Glycerol-mutant; Respiration

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Section: Construction Of Cycl-117 Kda-mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of the gene encoding subunit VI of yeast cytochrome bc₁ complex causes respiratory deficiency of cells with reduced cytochrome c levels

Kim

Zitomer

1990

FEBS Letters

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“…Cytochrome oxidase has heme a which shows absorption bands with a maximum at 605 nm, so that the peak of cytochromes a+a3 disappears in PaAdef cells due to the lack of cytochrome oxidase. Cytochrome c is not synthesized in the mitochondria but in the cytoplasmic fraction, and then carried into the mitochondria, with the exception of particulate cytochromes (18)(19)(20). The biosynthesis of particulate cytochromes, such as cytochromes a+a3 and b, may require the mitochondrial membrane structure as the site to be synthesized.…”

Section: Cytological Characteristics Of Cells Grown At Various Conditmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pantothenic Acid on the Respiratory Activity and Cytological Characteristics of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Hosono

Kuraishi

Aida

1974

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…cerevisiae has two unlinked nuclear genes encoding the cytochrome c protein; CYCI and CYC7 encode the iso-1 and iso-2 proteins, respectively (7,28). Although the proteins are functionally indistinguishable, the genes are expressed at different levels and differ in their regulation.…”

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Point mutations implicate repeated sequences as essential elements of the CYC7 negative upstream site in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Wright¹,

Zitomer²

1985

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The transcription of the CYC7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encoding the iso-2-cytochrome c protein, is controlled by two upstream regulatory elements, a positive element and a negative element. The nature of the DNA sequences in the negative element were investigated in a two-part approach. The first involved the construction of a CYC7-galK fusion gene which placed the coding sequence of the Escherichia coli galactokinase gene under the regulation of the CYC7 upstream sequences. This fusion allowed the quantitation by galactokinase enzyme assays of the effects on gene expression of a variety of previously isolated deletion mutations within the negative site. The results suggested that the negative site contained three related sequences. This hypothesis was tested in the second part of these studies, the selection of point mutations within the region of the negative site which led to increased CYC7 expression. Point mutations were introduced by a technique which induced mutations within a localized region at high efficiency. All but one of the mutations involved more than a single base-pair change. The mutations followed the pattern that multiple base-pair changes occurred in one repeat or single base-pair changes occurred in two repeats, with the exception of one mutant, which had a single base-pair change in one repeat. This pattern of mutations and the base pairs that were altered strongly supported the hypothesis that the repeats are integral elements of the negative site.Transcriptional regulation of genes in Sac charomyces cerevisiae is mediated through sequences located one hundred to several hundred base pairs 5' to the coding sequence (6, 10-12, 15-18, 29, 31, 32, 34; J. L. Weiss, C. V. Lowry, and R. S. Zitomer, submitted for publication). In all cases reported, there is a sequence which stimulates transcription and is often the site of positive regulation or activation; such sites have been designated upstream activation sites. In addition, in a relatively rare number of cases, there is also a site for repression or negative regulation (32, 34). The CYC7 gene, encoding the iso-2-cytochrome c protein, contains both the positive site and the rarer negative site and, therefore, offers the opportunity to study the nature of both types of sites. Fortunately, the CYC7 gene also offers an excellent genetic system that can be exploited in such studies.S. cerevisiae has two unlinked nuclear genes encoding the cytochrome c protein; CYCI and CYC7 encode the iso-1 and iso-2 proteins, respectively (7, 28). Although the proteins are functionally indistinguishable, the genes are expressed at different levels and differ in their regulation. Transcription of the CYCJ gene is induced by oxygen through two upstream activation site sequences (10), and the resulting protein constitutes 95% of the cytochrome c in aerobically grown cells. Transcription of the CYC7 gene, on the other hand, occurs at a low level which is only marginally sensitive to oxygen (Weiss et al., submitted). The low level of expression is apparentl...

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The structural gene for yeast cytochrome C.

Cited by 119 publications

References 22 publications

Disruption of the gene encoding subunit VI of yeast cytochrome bc₁ complex causes respiratory deficiency of cells with reduced cytochrome c levels

Disruption of the gene encoding subunit VI of yeast cytochrome bc₁ complex causes respiratory deficiency of cells with reduced cytochrome c levels

Effect of Pantothenic Acid on the Respiratory Activity and Cytological Characteristics of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Point mutations implicate repeated sequences as essential elements of the CYC7 negative upstream site in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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The structural gene for yeast cytochrome C.

Cited by 119 publications

References 22 publications

Disruption of the gene encoding subunit VI of yeast cytochrome bc1 complex causes respiratory deficiency of cells with reduced cytochrome c levels

Disruption of the gene encoding subunit VI of yeast cytochrome bc1 complex causes respiratory deficiency of cells with reduced cytochrome c levels

Effect of Pantothenic Acid on the Respiratory Activity and Cytological Characteristics of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Point mutations implicate repeated sequences as essential elements of the CYC7 negative upstream site in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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Disruption of the gene encoding subunit VI of yeast cytochrome bc₁ complex causes respiratory deficiency of cells with reduced cytochrome c levels

Disruption of the gene encoding subunit VI of yeast cytochrome bc₁ complex causes respiratory deficiency of cells with reduced cytochrome c levels