The Structure and Properties of Typical Melt-spun Fibres

Mukhopadhyay, Samrat

doi:10.1080/00405168908688919

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 290 publications

(337 reference statements)

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“…The development of the molecular orientations is, essentially, the leading structure characteristic, which controls and improves the overall properties of the nylon 6 fibers. 72 Obviously, increasing the α crystalline phase, along the fiber axis, at the expense of decreasing the γ crystalline phase upon the ultimate drawing ratio leads to high-crystallinity, high-strength, and highmodulus semicrystalline polyamide nylon 6 fibers. Basically, the molecular orientation of the semicrystalline nylon 6 fibers increases upon drawing in both the crystalline and the amorphous regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tentative Confinement of Ionic Liquids in Nylon 6 Fibers: A Bridge between Structural Developments and High-Performance Properties

Dawelbeit

2021

ACS Omega

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A reversible confinement of ionic liquid (IL) among the amide segments has been carried out for the preparation of high-modulus and highstrength aliphatic semicrystalline nylon 6 fibers. In this research work, the suppression or the weakening of the hydrogen bonds during the conventional low-speed melt spinning process is followed by a hot-drawing stage and a subsequent IL extraction of the IL out of the 2% wt IL-confined fibers and an immediate thermal stabilization process for the improvement of the properties of the pristine nylon 6 fibers. The resulted crystal structural developments of the IL-confined fibers are attributed to ultimate molecular orientations, which have contributed to the developments of the overall fiber properties. Here, the influences of the IL on the γ and the α crystal phases, the γ-α transition, the morphological properties, and the tensile properties are investigated. The FTIR reported, experimentally, additional peaks at 1237 cm −1 for the γ crystal phase and at 1417 and 1476 cm −1 for the α crystal phase, in conformity with the theoretical computations. The XRD demonstrated that the conventional low-speed melt spinning can successfully be used to prepare as-spun IL-confined fibers having highly improved properties. The so prepared asspun IL-confined fibers are found to have a γ phase structure that has a small crystal size and high crystal perfections. Fortunately, the γ-to-α crystal phase transition for the IL-confined nylon 6 fibers can be acquired during the hot-drawing stage (stress-induced phase transformation). Furthermore, the IL extraction process followed by a thermal stabilization process, interestingly, has led to significant increases in both of the tensile strengths and the tensile moduli of the reverted nylon 6 fibers. The values that are found are 8.46 cN/dtex for the tensile strength and 39.09 cN/dtex for the tensile modulus. The structure−property relationships between the IL-confined and the reverted nylon 6 fibers have also been discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tentative Confinement of Ionic Liquids in Nylon 6 Fibers: A Bridge between Structural Developments and High-Performance Properties

Dawelbeit

2021

ACS Omega

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“…[25][26][27] Filament yarns are basically fibers extruded through a spinneret. Filament yarns can be manufactured through different methods such as dry-spinning, melt-spinning, and wet-spinning [27,28] and are classified as monofilament (e.g., fishing line) and multifilament yarns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Core Yarn on Linear Actuation of Electroactive Polymer Coated Yarn Actuators

Mehraeen

Asadi

Martínez

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Smart textiles combine the features of conventional textiles with promising properties of smart materials such as electromechanically active polymers, resulting in textile actuators. Textile actuators comprise of individual yarn actuators, so understanding their electro‐chemo‐mechanical behavior is of great importance. Herein, this study investigates the effect of inherent structural and mechanical properties of commercial yarns, that form the core of the yarn actuators, on the linear actuation of the conducting‐polymer‐based yarn actuators. Commercial yarns were coated with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to make them conductive. Then polypyrrole (PPy) that provides the electromechanical actuation is electropolymerized on the yarn surface under controlled conditions. The linear actuation of the yarn actuators is investigated in aqueous electrolyte under isotonic and isometric conditions. The yarn actuators generated an isotonic strain up to 0.99% and isometric force of 95 mN. The isometric strain achieved in this work is more than tenfold and threefold greater than the previously reported yarn actuators. The isometric actuation force shows an increase of nearly 11‐fold over our previous results. Finally, a qualitative mechanical model is introduced to describe the actuation behavior of yarn actuators. The strain and force created by the yarn actuators make them promising candidates for wearable actuator technologies.

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“…Numerous research methods used to improve the mechanical properties through the structural development of the crystal orientations of nylon 6,6 fibres have been reported, these include spinning (the high-speed melt spinning [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], the wet spinning [ 24 ], the dry-jet wet spinning of the reversible solvent-counter-ions (GaCl 3 ) complexation [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] and the solution spinning of the reversible superheated water-counter-ions (LiI) shielding [ 32 ]) and the drawing (the heat drawing and the annealing [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]) methods. It is worth to note here that the montmorillonite clay (MMT) [ 38 , 39 , 40 ], the multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) [ 41 , 42 ] and the nanodiamond [ 43 ] nanocomposite methods as well as the lithium chloride (LiCl) [ 44 ] and the ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) [ 45 ] interactions have, also, been used to modulate the crystal structure of nylon 6,6 materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Confinement of the Quaternary Tetramethylammonium Tetrafluoroborate Salt in Nylon 6,6 Fibres: Structural Developments for High Performance Properties

Dawelbeit

2021

Materials

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A temporary confinement of the quaternary tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TMA BF4) salt among polyamide molecules has been used for the preparation of aliphatic polyamide nylon 6,6 fibres with high-modulus and high-strength properties. In this method, the suppression or the weakening of the hydrogen bonds between the nylon 6,6 segments has been applied during the conventional low-speed melt spinning process. Thereafter, after the complete hot-drawing stage, the quaternary ammonium salt is fully extracted from the drawn 3 wt.% salt-confined fibres and the nascent fibres are, subsequently, thermally stabilized. The structural developments that are acquired in the confined-nylon 6,6 fibres are ascribed to the developments of the overall fibres’ properties due to the confinement process. Surprisingly, unlike the neat nylon 6,6 fibres, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-spun salt-confined fibres have shown diminishing of the (110)/(010) diffraction plane that obtained pseudohexagonal-like β’ structural phase. Moreover, the β’ pseudohexagonal-like to α triclinic phase transitions took-place due to the hot-drawing stage (draw-induced phase transitions). Interestingly, the hot-drawing of the as-spun salt-confined nylon 6,6 fibres achieved the same maximum draw ratio of 5.5 at all of the drawing temperatures of 120, 140 and 160 °C. The developments that happened produced the improved values of 43.32 cN/dtex for the tensile-modulus and 6.99 cN/dtex for the tensile-strength of the reverted fibres. The influences of the TMA BF4 salt on the structural developments of the crystal orientations, on the morphological structures and on the improvements of the tensile properties of the nylon 6,6 fibres have been intensively studied.

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The Structure and Properties of Typical Melt-spun Fibres

Cited by 7 publications

References 290 publications

Tentative Confinement of Ionic Liquids in Nylon 6 Fibers: A Bridge between Structural Developments and High-Performance Properties

Tentative Confinement of Ionic Liquids in Nylon 6 Fibers: A Bridge between Structural Developments and High-Performance Properties

Effect of Core Yarn on Linear Actuation of Electroactive Polymer Coated Yarn Actuators

Transient Confinement of the Quaternary Tetramethylammonium Tetrafluoroborate Salt in Nylon 6,6 Fibres: Structural Developments for High Performance Properties

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