The structure-antimicrobial relation of depsipeptides

Mm, Shemyarkin; IuA, Ovchinnikov; Vt, Ivanov; Aa, Kiryushkin; Gl, Zhdanov; Id, Ryabova

doi:10.1007/bf02150990

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…To demonstrate conclusively the absence of antibiotic activity is impossible, but neither the present findings nor those of other workers (Shemyakin et al 1963) provide any evidence to support this suggestion. However, as pointed out to us by Dr A. Taylor (personal communication), none of the organisms against which the compounds were tested is a likely neighbour of Pithomyces spp.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Spore Surface Depsipeptides in Some Pithomyces Species

Bishop

Griffiths

Russell

et al. 1965

Journal of General Microbiology

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Spore Surface Depsipeptides in Some Pithomyces Species

Bishop

Griffiths

Russell

et al. 1965

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Antimicrobial activity of valinomycin against the bacteria examined shows that, in conformity with earlier reports (1,17,23,24), the gramnegative bacteria are generally not susceptible. In addition to the susceptible organisms Diplococcus pneumoniae, S. faecalis, and Sarcina lutea reported in the literature (1,17,23,24), C. sporogenes and S. pyogenes were found to be susceptible at an MIC of 8, 5, and 1 ug/ml, respectively, in TSB (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In addition to the susceptible organisms Diplococcus pneumoniae, S. faecalis, and Sarcina lutea reported in the literature (1,17,23,24), C. sporogenes and S. pyogenes were found to be susceptible at an MIC of 8, 5, and 1 ug/ml, respectively, in TSB (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Cation Reversal of Inhibition of Growth by Valinomycin in Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium sporogenes

Seshachalam

Frahm

Ferraro

1973

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Study of the antimicrobial spectrum of valinomycin revealed that, in addition to the gram-positive bacteria reported in literature, Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium sporogenes are also susceptible to this antibiotic. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the antibiotic for S. pyogenes grown aerobically and anaerobically did not differ markedly, negating the hypothesis that oxidative phosphorylation is involved in the mechanism of action of this antibiotic. This conclusion is further strengthened by the inhibition of growth of C. sporogenes, an obligate anaerobe. In a medium with a low K+ concentration, the MIC for S. pyogenes was 0.02 Ag/ml, the lowest ever recorded for this antibiotic.The inhibition of growth of S. pyogenes and C. sporogenes was readily reversed by addition of K+ to the medium, indicating a compensation for net efflux of K+ from the cells when the transmembrane potential reached equilibrium. In contrast to these bacteria, Bacillus subtilis was less susceptible to the antibiotic when the potassium concentration of the medium was low. The addition of potassium in the presence of valinomycin increased the inhibition of growth, which appears to result from dissipation of metabolic energy as in the mitochondrial system.Valinomycin is a cyclic peptide which can selectively increase the permeability of K+ across the natural (9) and artificial membranes (11). Though at one time the antibiotic property of valinomycin was thought to be due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (13), Pressman and associates have proposed that the primary action of the antibiotic is related to an increase in potassium transport, with consequent dissipation of metabolic energy being secondary (10,12,20,21). This hypothesis is largely based on studies in which the similarities between ion fluxes in isolated mitochondria and aerobic bacteria were noted (19).Detailed work on the mode of action of valinomycin on the growth and metabolism of various bacteria is lacking, with the singular exception of the studies on Streptococcus faecalis by Harold and co-workers (5-8). They observed that valinomycin causes a net loss of K+ from the bacterial cell, the consequence of which is not the dissipation of metabolic energy but an 'Presented in part at the 71st Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Minneapolis, Minn., 1971. 63 inhibition of protein synthesis which can be reversed by the addition of k+ to the growth medium. It was the purpose of this investigation to examine the effects of valinomycin and K+ on the growth of bacteria metabolizing aerobically and anaerobically, with Clostridium sporogens, Bacillus subtilis, and S. pyogenes used as representative anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODSOrganisms. B. subtilis ATCC 6633 and C. sporogenes ATCC 7955 were the designated organisms used in this investigation. S. faecalis was a gift from J. 0. Mundt, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.

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“…of New Brunswick, personal communication, 1986). The cell damage may result from the ability of these ionophores to affect ion transport across membranes (25,26 property is believed to be responsible for their antibiotic activity (13,25,26). Enniatins also exhibit phytotoxicity, which could play a role in the plant injury associated with pathogenic Fusarium species (27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal Metabolites from Fusarium avenaceum, a Fungus Associated with Foliage of Abies balsamea Infested by Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana

Strunz

Strongman

1988

ACS Symposium Series

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Hyphae from cultures of Fusarium avenaceum, a fungus associated with spruce budworm-infested balsam fir foliage, were toxic to spruce budworm larvae when ingested. The toxic principle isolated from hyphal extracts was identified as enniatin complex, rich in enniatin A/A 1 . A minor F. avenaceum product, ergosterol peroxide, caused damage to spruce budworm cell cultures, but did not display toxicity in feeding assays at the range of concentrations tested. Ecological implications of the presence of insecticidal fungi on the foliage of spruce budworm host-trees are addressed.The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), is a phytophagous insect, whose principal hosts are balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., and three spruce, Picea species, which together dominate the coniferous forests of eastern North America. Populations of the insect periodically irrupt to epidemic proportions, resulting in widespread destruction of susceptible host trees, with major ecological and recently, economic consequences. The outbreaks are followed by dramatic declines of the insect populations, and there is evidence indicating that, at least during the last two centuries, these oscillations have occurred quite regularly with a frequency of 30-40 years (]_, 2). A detailed understanding of the processes that cause the collapse of an epidemic spruce budworm population is a desideratum for both the ecologist and the forest manager, and intensive research on natural spruce budworm mortality factors is being conducted in several laboratories. The study described in this report originated in a suggestion that fungi colonizing the foliage of the spruce budworm 1 s host trees might produce toxic metabolites, adversely affecting the insects and possibly contributing to the decline of an outbreak population (E. Eveleigh, T. Royama, Canadian Forestry Service -Maritimes; D. B. Strongman, N. Whitney, Univ. of New Brunswick, unpublished discussions, 1984). This hypothesis receives some support from a growing literature on plant-fungal interactions that result in protection of the plant against the depredation of phytophagous insects and other herbivores (3,-6).

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The structure-antimicrobial relation of depsipeptides

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

Spore Surface Depsipeptides in Some Pithomyces Species

Spore Surface Depsipeptides in Some Pithomyces Species

Cation Reversal of Inhibition of Growth by Valinomycin in Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium sporogenes

Insecticidal Metabolites from Fusarium avenaceum, a Fungus Associated with Foliage of Abies balsamea Infested by Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana

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