The Structure–Antioxidant Activity Relationship of Ferulates

Abstract

The antioxidant activity of ferulic acid (1), iso-ferulic acid (2), coniferyl aldehyde (3), methyl ferulate (4), and ethyl ferulate (5) were investigated using 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and autoxidation of triacylglycerols of commercially available sunflower oil (TGSO). The compounds tested for ability to scavenge ABTS radical cations was in the order of ferulic acid > coniferyl aldehyde ≈ iso-ferulic acid > ethyl ferulate ≈ methyl ferulate. The results of the FRAP assay for ferulic acid, iso-ferulic acid, and coniferyl aldehyde were similar to and higher than those of methyl ferulate and ethyl ferulate. In the lipid system, iso-ferulic acid showed weak antioxidant activity. The other ferulates exhibited much stronger, yet similar, activities.

Coniferaldehyde ameliorates the lipid and glucose metabolism in palmitic acid‐induced HepG2 cells via the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway

“…Coniferaldehyde (CA), also known as 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycinnamaldehyde, is a type of phenolic compound found in many edible plants, such as Cinnamomum cassia , Phyllanthus emblica , Manihot esculenta Crantz , and Codonopsis cordifolioidea (Kim et al., 2010; Mei et al., 2008; Yi et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2016). Studies have demonstrated that CA fulfills multiple biological and pharmacological functions, which include antioxidation (Karamac, Koleva, Kancheva, & Amarowicz, 2017), anti‐inflammation (Akram et al., 2016), anti‐Alzheimer's disease (Dong et al., 2020), and antiradiation properties (Kim, Lee, Nam, Seo, & Lee, 2015). However, no existing studies are available regarding the effect of CA on the hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism.…”

Ferulaldehyde Improves the Effect of Methotrexate in Experimental Arthritis

“…Ferulates are natural phenolic phytochemicals present in the peels of fruits and vegetables, as well as the bran of grains, seeds, and leaves of different plant species [ 11 ]. The antioxidant activity of FRA [ 12 ] and its beneficial effects as an antioxidant [ 13 ] have been reported. Furthermore, FRA inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells [ 14 ].…”

Antioxidant properties of novel curcumin analogues: A combined experimental and computational study

“…Naturally occurring phenols are bio‐antioxidants (Altemimi et al., 2017; Karamac et al., 2017) which are associated with a vast array of useful biological activities especially antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties (Roshan et al., 2017; Sun et al, 2015). Curcumin ( Curc ), the main component of the golden spice turmeric ( Curcuma longa ), is a multi‐target direct ligand and one of the most powerful natural bio‐antioxidants (Aggarwal & Harikumar, 2009; Esatbeyoglu et al., 2014) but unfortunately its poor bioavailability and instability at physiological pH is a serious disadvantage (Schneider et al., 2015).…”

“…Naturally occurring phenols are bio-antioxidants (Altemimi et al, 2017;Karamac et al, 2017) which are associated with a vast array of useful biological activities especially antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties (Roshan et al, 2017;Sun et al, 2015).…”