The Structure Features and Improving Effects of Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus on Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

Li, Shanshan; Qi, Yuli; Ren, Duoduo; Qu, Di; Sun, Yinshi

doi:10.3390/antibiotics9010008

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Allobaculum cells are rod-shaped, stain Gram-positive and are arranged in pairs or chains ( 51 ). Related research showed that Allobaculum could produce butyric acid, and positively correlated with ANGPTL4 expression ( 52 , 53 ). Butyric acid could transactivate PPARγ and regulated ANGPTL4, the target gene of PPARγ, in colon cells ( 54 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allobaculum Involves in the Modulation of Intestinal ANGPTLT4 Expression in Mice Treated by High-Fat Diet

et al. 2021

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Increasing studies have shown that obesity is the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, type 2 diabetes, and a variety of cancers. The dysfunction of gut microbiota was proved to result in obesity. Recent research indicated ANGPTL4 was a key regulator in lipid metabolism and a circulating medium for gut microbiota and fat deposition. The present study was conducted to investigate the alteration of gut microbiota and ANGPTL4 expression in the gastrointestinal tract of mice treated by the high-fat diet. Ten C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to two groups and fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 60% fat or a normal-fat diet (Control) containing 10% fat. The segments of ileum and colon were collected for the determination of ANGPTL4 expression by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis while the ileal and colonic contents were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed HFD significantly increased mice body weight, epididymal fat weight, perirenal fat weight, liver weight, and the lipid content in the liver (P < 0.05). The relative expression of ANGPTL4 and the ANGPTL4-positive cells in the ileum and colon of mice was significantly increased by HFD treatment. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the ileal and colonic microbiota suggested that HFD treatment changed the composition of the gut microbiota. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the abundance of Allobaculum was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the Control group while the abundance of Adlercreutzia, Bifidobacterium, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and Ruminococcus was significantly decreased. Interestingly, the abundance of Allobaculum was positively correlated with the expression of ANGPTL4. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the development of strategies to control the obesity and related diseases by the regulation of ANGPTL4 and gut microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allobaculum Involves in the Modulation of Intestinal ANGPTLT4 Expression in Mice Treated by High-Fat Diet

et al. 2021

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“…It has been shown that there were 13 types of polysaccharides have β-D(1→6)-galactooligosaccharide branching β-D-(1→3)-galactose among the 14 types of polysaccharides isolated from Astragalus ( Kiyohara et al., 2010 ). Astragalus polysaccharide is the most important natural active component in Astragalus membranaceus, and exerts multiple pharmacologic effects ( Li et al., 2019 ). Recent studies have found that APS exerts multiple pharmacologic effects and strong extensive range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral, as well as profoundly affect the immune system ( Wang et al., 2016 ; Meng et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on intestinal morphology and intestinal immune cells of Muscovy ducklings infected with Muscovy duck reovirus

Liao

et al. 2021

Poultry Science

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Muscovy duck reovirus ( MDRV ) infection induces serious immunosuppression and intestinal injury in Muscovy ducklings with a high morbidity and mortality, and Astragalus polysaccharide ( APS ) pretreatment could efficiently protect ducklings from MDRV infection, although the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate effects of APS on the intestinal mucosal immunity in MDRV-infected Muscovy ducklings. A total of 190 1-day-old healthy Muscovy ducklings were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 50): normal control group, APS pretreatment for MDRV-infected group, and cohabitation infection group, then pretreated with 0.6 g/L APS or only drinking water followed by MDRV cohabitation infection with the remaining 40 artificially infected ducklings, respectively. At the 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 and 15 d after cohabitation infection, the intestinal samples were prepared to measure intestinal parameters including villus length, villus length/crypt depth ( V/C ) ratio, and wall thickness, together with counts of intraepithelial lymphocyte ( IEL ) and goblet cell ( GC ) by hematoxylin–eosin staining. Meanwhile, ileal secretory IgA ( sIgA ) and duodenal cytokine levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-15, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon gamma were detected by the ELISA and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The results showed that APS significantly improved intestinal injuries of villi length, V/C ratio, and wall thickness of the small intestine infected with MDRV, effectively inhibited the reduction of IEL and GC caused by MDRV infection, subsequently increased sIgA and all the cytokine secretions at most time points, suggesting that APS pretreatment can effectively stimulate mucosal immune function by improving intestinal morphology and repair MDRV caused injures of small intestinal mucosal immune barrier in infected ducklings. Our findings lay the foundation for further application of APS in prevention and treatment of MDRV infection.

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“…For example, Chinese yam can alleviate AAD symptoms by repairing the ampicillin-induced intestinal microbiota disorder, increasing the abundance of the intestinal probiotic Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria , and decreasing the abundance of potential pathogenic Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus [ 45 ]. Panax ginseng polysaccharides and Astragalus polysaccharides altered the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in mice with AAD, induced by lincomycin hydrochloride, restored the gut microbiota, and promoted the metabolic balance and mucosal recovery [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This family is not only versatile with respect to complex carbohydrate degradation but is one of the stomach microbes involved in the expansion of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that can produce secretory IgA (sIgA) to provide immune protection in the stomach [ 59 , 60 ]. In general, the modification effect of DESP on the intestinal flora is similar to other natural ingredients, including decreasing the number of harmful bacteria and increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes , probiotics, and SCFA-producing bacteria, while improving the metabolic level and host immunity [ 45 , 46 , 61 ]. Furthermore, some natural active components, such as dietary polyphenols, can exhibit anti-diarrheal behavior by inactivating the LT produced by ETEC [ 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive Effect of Depolymerized Sulfated Galactans from Eucheuma serra on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Caused Diarrhea via Modulating Intestinal Flora in Mice

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

Marine Drugs

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In this work, the preventive effect of depolymerized sulfated polysaccharides from Eucheuma serra (DESP) on bacterial diarrhea by regulating intestinal flora was investigated in vivo. Based on the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-infected mouse diarrhea model, DESP at doses ranging from 50 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg alleviated weight loss and decreased the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index. Serological tests showed that the levels of inflammation-related factors were effectively suppressed. Furthermore, the repaired intestinal mucosa was verified by morphology and pathological tissue section observations. Compared with the model group, the richness and diversity of the intestinal flora in the DESP group increased according to the 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of the gut microbiota. Specifically, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased, and Proteobacteria decreased after DESP administration. At the family level, DESP effectively improved the abundance of Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, while significantly inhibiting the growth of Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, the antimicrobial diarrhea function of DESP may be related to the regulation of intestinal microbiota.

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The Structure Features and Improving Effects of Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus on Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

Cited by 41 publications

References 40 publications

Allobaculum Involves in the Modulation of Intestinal ANGPTLT4 Expression in Mice Treated by High-Fat Diet

Allobaculum Involves in the Modulation of Intestinal ANGPTLT4 Expression in Mice Treated by High-Fat Diet

Effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on intestinal morphology and intestinal immune cells of Muscovy ducklings infected with Muscovy duck reovirus

Preventive Effect of Depolymerized Sulfated Galactans from Eucheuma serra on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Caused Diarrhea via Modulating Intestinal Flora in Mice

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