The structure, function, and biosynthesis of plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides

Caffall, Kerry Hosmer; Mohnen, Debra

doi:10.1016/j.carres.2009.05.021

Cited by 1,346 publications

(986 citation statements)

References 290 publications

(305 reference statements)

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“…By contrast, L-arabinan has -L-1,5-Araf backbone that is hydrolyzed by other ABFs than of GH62, but which similarly to the AXs is 5 substituted singly -L-1,3-as well as doubly -L-1,2-Araf -L-1,3-Araf, hydrolyzed off by some GH62 enzymes ( Fig. 1C) (Caffall and Mohnen, 2009). …”

Section: Natu -L-arabinofuranosidasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant cell walls contain substantial amounts of arabinose (Araf) in the hemicelluloses arabinoxylans (AXs) and in L-arabinan side chains of pectins (Caffall and Mohnen, 2009;Scheller and Ulvskov, 2010). AXs and L-arabinan are proven as the main targets of different ABFs of GH62 (Siguier et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014;Wilkens et al, 2016).…”

Section: Natu -L-arabinofuranosidasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GH62 arabinofuranosidases: Structure, function and applications

Wilkens

Andersen

Dumon

et al. 2017

Biotechnology Advances

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Motivated by industrial demands and ongoing scientific discoveries continuous efforts are made to identify and create improved biocatalysts dedicated to plant biomass conversion. --1,3 arabinofuranosyl specific -L-arabinofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.55) are debranching enzymes catalyzing hydrolytic release -L-arabinofuranosyl residues, which decorate xylan or arabinan backbones in lignocellulosic and pectin constituents of plant cell walls. The CAZy database classifies -L-arabinofuranosidases in Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) families GH2, GH3, GH43, GH51, GH54 and GH62. Only GH62 contains exclusively -L-arabinofuranosidases and these are of fungal and bacterial origin. Twenty-two GH62 enzymes out of 223 entries in the CAZy database have been characterized and very recently new knowledge was acquired with regard to crystal structures, substrate specificities, and phylogenetics, which overall provides novel insights into structure/function relationships of GH62. Overall GH62 -L-arabinofuranosidases are believed to play important roles in nature by acting in synergy with several cell wall degrading enzymes and members of GH62 represent promising candidates for biotechnological improvements of biofuel production and in various biorefinery applications.3

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Section: Natu -L-arabinofuranosidasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Natu -L-arabinofuranosidasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

GH62 arabinofuranosidases: Structure, function and applications

Wilkens

Andersen

Dumon

et al. 2017

Biotechnology Advances

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“…Pectic polysaccharides are a major group of matrix polysaccharides, defined as galacturonic-acid-rich polymers, which comprise at least three major domains (Caffall and Mohnen 2009;Atmodjo et al, 2013). Homogalacturonan (HG) can be variably methyl-esterified and acetylated, and these modifications influence its interactions and supramolecular properties (Wolf et al, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homogalacturonan (HG) can be variably methyl-esterified and acetylated, and these modifications influence its interactions and supramolecular properties (Wolf et al, 2009). Rhamnogalacturonan-II is a largely taxonomically conserved, structurally highly complex region of HG with short side chain substitutions that can dimerize and link HG chains through borate esters (Caffall and Mohnen 2009). Rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) is a hypervariable pectic polysaccharide with a rhamnosyl and galacturonosyl backbone with substitution by a complex array of side chains in which 1,4-galactosyl and or 1,5-arabinosyl residues often predominate (Yapo 2011;Lee et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Branched Pectic Galactan in Phloem-Sieve-Element Cell Walls: Implications for Cell Mechanics

et al. 2017

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A major question in plant biology concerns the specification and functional differentiation of cell types. This is in the context of constraints imposed by networks of cell walls that both adhere cells and contribute to the form and function of developing organs. Here, we report the identification of a glycan epitope that is specific to phloem sieve element cell walls in several systems. A monoclonal antibody, designated LM26, binds to the cell wall of phloem sieve elements in stems of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Miscanthus x giganteus, and notably sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) roots where phloem identification is an important factor for the study of phloem unloading of Suc. Using microarrays of synthetic oligosaccharides, the LM26 epitope has been identified as a b-1,6-galactosyl substitution of b-1,4-galactan requiring more than three backbone residues for optimized recognition. This branched galactan structure has previously been identified in garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs in which the LM26 epitope is widespread throughout most cell walls including those of phloem cells. Garlic bulb cell wall material has been used to confirm the association of the LM26 epitope with cell wall pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I polysaccharides. In the phloem tissues of grass stems, the LM26 epitope has a complementary pattern to that of the LM5 linear b-1,4-galactan epitope, which is detected only in companion cell walls. Mechanical probing of transverse sections of M. x giganteus stems and leaves by atomic force microscopy indicates that phloem sieve element cell walls have a lower indentation modulus (indicative of higher elasticity) than companion cell walls.

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“…Current models of the wall have cellulose microfibrils as the major structural component, with hemicelluloses binding to the microfibrils and pectins as an amorphous matrix in which the cellulose/hemicellulose network is embedded (Pauly et al, 1999a;Somerville et al, 2004;Cosgrove, 2005). Unlike the linear b-1,4-glucan chains making up cellulose microfibrils, hemicelluloses and pectins consist of a diverse set of glycosyl units and linkages as well as other modifications such as methylation and acetylation (Caffall and Mohnen, 2009;Scheller and Ulvskov, 2010;Pauly et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Plant-Specific ALTERED XYLOGLUCAN9 Protein in Arabidopsis Cell Wall PolysaccharideO-Acetylation

et al. 2015

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A mutation in the ALTERED XYLOGLUCAN9 (AXY9) gene was found to be causative for the decreased xyloglucan acetylation phenotype of the axy9.1 mutant, which was identified in a forward genetic screen for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants. The axy9.1 mutant also exhibits decreased O-acetylation of xylan, implying that the AXY9 protein has a broad role in polysaccharide acetylation. An axy9 insertional mutant exhibits severe growth defects and collapsed xylem, demonstrating the importance of wall polysaccharide O-acetylation for normal plant growth and development. Localization and topological experiments indicate that the active site of the AXY9 protein resides within the Golgi lumen. The AXY9 protein appears to be a component of the plant cell wall polysaccharide acetylation pathway, which also includes the REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION and TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE proteins. The AXY9 protein is distinct from the TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE proteins, reported to be polysaccharide acetyltransferases, but does share homology with them and other acetyltransferases, suggesting that the AXY9 protein may act to produce an acetylated intermediate that is part of the O-acetylation pathway.

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The structure, function, and biosynthesis of plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides

Cited by 1,346 publications

References 290 publications

GH62 arabinofuranosidases: Structure, function and applications

GH62 arabinofuranosidases: Structure, function and applications

Branched Pectic Galactan in Phloem-Sieve-Element Cell Walls: Implications for Cell Mechanics

The Role of the Plant-Specific ALTERED XYLOGLUCAN9 Protein in Arabidopsis Cell Wall PolysaccharideO-Acetylation

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