In this work the influence of ion-plasma treatment and high-power ion beams on the change of coherent scattering areas, dislocation density, and tribotechnical characteristics of tool hard alloys has been investigated. Processing modes of high-power ion beams, which provide the maximum degree of hardening of tungsten carbide-based hard alloys, have been established. It is shown that complex modification by ion-plasma surface treatment in combination with powerful pulse beams contributes to the increase of wear resistance of hard alloys under cutting conditions of structural steels.