The structure of external financing at start-up stage: the differences between Swedish female- and male-owned firms

Formal Finance Usage and Innovative SMEs: Evidence from ASEAN Countries

“…Wagner and Weche Gelübcke (2015) and Abor and Biekpe (2007) report a positive association between foreign ownership and access to finance; additionally, high-tech independent SMEs benefit from foreign ownership related with accessibility to external funding. Moreover, majority ownership and top-management positions held by a female also exhibit a positive association with access to finance (Abor and Biekpe 2007;Botrić and Božić 2017;Pham and Talavera 2018) and preference for using formal financing sources (Bardasi et al 2011;Yazdanfar and Turner 2012). On the other hand, the manager and owner experience influences the initial financing of SMEs (Abdesamed and Abd Wahab 2012).…”

Financing entrepreneurship by risk capital - evidence revisited

“…Only 19% of all studies reviewed have applied quantitative methods, whereas factor analyses and regressions are frequently used: in 69% of the quantitative studies (e.g. Bruno and Tyebjee, 1985;Harrison and Mason, 1992;Maculan and Pavani, 2005;Modigliani and Perotti, 1997b;Mlodawska, 2012;Pandey et al, 2003;Reddy and Subbaiah, 2011;Tyebjee and Vickery, 1988;White et al, 2009;Wong and Ho, 2007;Yazdanfar and Turner, 2012). Overall, when discussing the phenomenon of risk capital, researchers have relied on different combinations of concepts such as agency theory or Knightian uncertainty (e.g.…”

“…Entrepreneurship, as a driver of growth (Pandey et al, 2003), results in a highly positive impact of increased access to risk capital (White et al, 2009), including gender-specific structures of external financing for entrepreneurs in Sweden (Yazdanfar and Turner, 2012). In this review, six case studies or studies including interviews have analysed the positive entrepreneurial implications of risk capital (Table 4a) (Graves, 2011;Messica and Agmon, 2008;Saetre, 2003).…”

“…For instance, Teti and Casillo (2013) or Belussi and Sedita (2015) focus on Italian cases, while Yazdanfar and Turner (2012) discuss the Swedish perspective and Reddy andSubbaiah (2011) andMohanan (2006) discuss the Indian scenario. In addition to the regional settings, more cross-sectional contributions, such as that by Duxbury et al (1996) and international studies such as those conducted by Fischer (1993), Landström (1993), Koryak and Smolarski (2008) Groh et al (2010b), Groh and Liechtenstein (2011c) or Bernoth and Colavecchio (2014) should contribute to the advancement of the risk capital literature as well as to the dissemination of good practices in business with respect to exploitation issues.…”