The Structure of Idleness: In-School and Dropout Adolescent Activities in the United States and Australia

A Third of Our Youth? A Look at the Problem of High School Dropout Among Students with Mild Handicaps

“…For instance, rates of high school completion have been found to vary among ethnic groups (Hess, 1986;Rumberger, 1983Rumberger, , 1987Weidman & Friedmann, 1984;Young, 1982), academic ability levels (Cook, 1956;Kowalski 8c Cangemi, 1974;Livingston, 1958;Lloyd, 1976), region (Hill, 1979;Mare, 1980;Nam, Rhodes, 8c Harriot, 1986), and school setting (Hammack, 1986;Hess, 1986;Wehlage, 1983). Additional research has shown that dropouts tend to be older than their grade-level peers (Hess, 1986;Howell & Frese, 1982;Livingston, 1958;Lloyd, 1976), have a higher likelihood of coming from broken homes (Fitzsimmons et al, 1969;Howell 8c Frese, 1982;Rumberger, 1983), experience higher rates of academic failure (Bachman, Green, 8c Wirtamen, 1971;Biddle, Bank, Anderson, & Keats, 1981;Eckstrom, Goertz, Pollack, & Rock, 1987;Strother, 1986), and have experienced frequent moves and school transfers (Hammons & Olsen, 1988). Some research relates the propensity to drop out with a lower family socioeconomic status (Lerman, 1986).…”

Navigating the occupational transition of dropping out of school: Anchoring occupations and champions as facilitators

“…It is by no means meant to be derogatory and demeaning. quantitative study in the USA and Australia compared the in and out of school activities of youth and found that school dropouts' participation in occupations after dropping out reflected the opportunities available in their immediate contexts 31 . The pattern of engagement in risky occupations post dropping out was echoed in a number of studies [31][32][33][34] .…”

“…quantitative study in the USA and Australia compared the in and out of school activities of youth and found that school dropouts' participation in occupations after dropping out reflected the opportunities available in their immediate contexts 31 . The pattern of engagement in risky occupations post dropping out was echoed in a number of studies [31][32][33][34] . The places where school dropouts spend their time after dropping out, such as the street corners in low socio-economic communities, induce them into risk occupations, such as drinking, drug abuse and participation in illegal activities 21 .…”

Adolescent Time Use, Companionship, and the Relationship with Development

“…Race disaggregated numbers showed a dropout rate of 5.2% for whites, 9.3% for blacks, and 17.6% for Hispanics. Research indicates that youth who drop out of school are at higher risk for problem behaviors including substance use and teen pregnancy (e.g., Biddle, Bank, Anderson, Keats, & Keats, 1981 ;Manlove, 1998 ;Townsend, Flisher, & King, 2007 ) . Aside from risky behaviors, there are considerable public and private costs associated with dropping out of school (Oreopoulos, 2007 ;Rumberger, 1987 ;Stearns & Glennie, 2006 ;Sum & McLaughlin, 2008 ;Vernez, Krop, & Rydell, 1999 ) .…”

“…There is considerable support in the literature for the idea that adolescents who spend more of their leisure time with friends and without adults around than other adolescents are at an increased risk for a range of deviant behaviors, such as delinquency, sexual activity, and dropping out of school (Agnew & Petersen, 1989 ;Biddle et al, 1981 ;Flannery, Williams, & Vazsonyi, 1999 ;Junger & Wiegersma, 1995 ;Riley, 1987 ;see Osgood et al, 2005 ) . For example, Agnew and Petersen ( 1989 ) found that delinquency was positively related to both unsupervised social activities and leisure activities with peers and was negatively related to time spent in organized leisure activities.…”