The Structure of Liquid Water by Neutron Scattering. II. Temperature Dependence of the Liquid Structure

Ohtomo, Norio; Tokiwano, Kazuo; Arakawa, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1246/bcsj.55.2788

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This trend continues as the liquid enters the supercooled region as shown in figure 2 which also includes new data from Ohtomo et al [7]. The differential displacement becomes greater as the temperature falls and, it is interesting to note that the diffraction peak for amorphous D20 ice occurs at 1-70 A -1 [4].…”

Section: Interpretation Of Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Neutron diffraction studies of water

Bosio¹,

Teixeira²,

Dore

et al. 1983

Molecular Physics

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Neutron diffraction measurements have been made on bulk samples of liquid D~O below the melting point. A first order difference function has been used to determine the structural changes which are found to follow the trends previously observed in the liquid above the melting point but the displacement of the main peak to lower Q values becomes more pronounced as the temperature is reduced. The data suggest that there is an enhanced local order through the effects of hydrogen bonding and that the system progressively evolves towards the continuous random hydrogenbonded network similar to that exhibited by amorphous ice.

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Section: Interpretation Of Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The variation in the position of the main diffraction peak for neutron scattering by liquid D20 at various temperatures ; +, present results (A=0.7 A) ; A, Walford and Dore[4] (1.13 A) ; ~, Gibson and Dote[4] (0.5, 1-07 A) ; x , Ohtomo[7] (pulsed neutrons). The ADM(Q, T) function for liquid D20 using a reference temperature, To, of 21°C.…”

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confidence: 98%

Neutron diffraction studies of water

Bosio¹,

Teixeira²,

Dore

et al. 1983

Molecular Physics

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“…Ohtomo et al proposed a tetrahedrally coordinated pentamer-monomer model to estimate the liquid structure of water. 37 They concluded that the molar ratio of the water monomer and pentamer at 368 K were 0.45 and 0.55, respectively. If the monomer ratio is 0.45 and there are only monomers and pentamers in the system, the concentration of the water monomer is estimated to be about 7000 mol/m 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is suggested that the monomer concentration of water is lower than 9800 mol/m 3 . Ohtomo et al proposed a tetrahedrally coordinated pentamer−monomer model to estimate the liquid structure of water . They concluded that the molar ratio of the water monomer and pentamer at 368 K were 0.45 and 0.55, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction of Cellulose in Hot Compressed Water under Variable Temperatures

Kamio

Takahashi

Noda

et al. 2006

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The liquefaction mechanism of solid cellulose particles in hot compressed water is estimated experimentally and theoretically. Experiments are carried out using a batch reactor that equips a temperature controller. The heating profile is controlled to make a proportional relationship with time. Cellulose is drastically decomposed and liquefied when the maximum temperature is set over ∼513 K. It decomposed to oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, and pyrolysis products such as glyceraldehydes and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde. The concentration of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides shows maximal values for the maximum temperature set. The theoretical treatment of cellulose decomposition is investigated for stepwise processes of decomposition from (1) cellulose to oligosaccharides, (2) oligosaccharides to monosaccharides and pyrolysis products, and (3) monosaccharides to pyrolysis products. The theoretical equation derived for the proposed mechanism inserts the temperature variation with Arrhenius relationship. The concentration profiles on maximum temperature are calculated numerically. The calculated results show a reasonable correlation to the experimental data.

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“…The main improvement in the design of our freezing device is the ability to irradiate the biological specimen with microwaves at 2.45 GHz for a short period of time (about 50 ms) during cryoquenching. Microwaves at 2.45 GHz are specifically absorbed to break the pentamer microclusters of water molecules, which are estimated to occupy 85% of total water at 298 K (Ohtomo et al, 1982), as drawn schematically in Fig. 1 .…”

Section: Design For the Freezing Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

An improved cryofixation method: cryoquenching of small tissue blocks during microwave irradiation

Hanyu

Ichikawa²,

Matsumoto³

1992

Journal of Microscopy

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K E Y w O R D s. Cryoquenching, microwave irradiation, metal contact freezing, cryofixation, light sample holder, fi-gel, vitrification. S U M M A R YT h e metal contact method of rapid freezing is greatly improved by irradiating the specimen with microwaves at 2.45 GHz for a short period of time (50 ms), while pushing the specimen onto the surface of the copper block cooled by liquid Nz. The microwave irradiation, together with two technical improvements (a light-mass plunger and a recently developed P-gel shock absorber) for preventing bounce, produces a good freezing zone for squid retina, with high reproducibility for each experimental trial, extending from the contact surface to a depth of about 15 pm, which is comparable to the depth obtained by the metal contact method using liquid He in the absence of microwave irradiation. A good freezing zone was also experimentally demonstrated in specimens of rat liver and heart muscle. Microwave irradiation does not have appreciable effects on the ultrastructure of squid retina. The mechanism underlying the improvement in the rapid freezing under the microwave irradiation is discussed.

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The Structure of Liquid Water by Neutron Scattering. II. Temperature Dependence of the Liquid Structure

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Neutron diffraction studies of water

Neutron diffraction studies of water

Liquefaction of Cellulose in Hot Compressed Water under Variable Temperatures

An improved cryofixation method: cryoquenching of small tissue blocks during microwave irradiation

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