The Structure of Pathological Personality Traits and Temperament in a Persian Community Sample

Abstract

The present study examined (1) the extent to which the documented factor structure of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger et al., 2013) generalizes to a large Persian community sample and (2) relations between the resulting PID-5 factors and two temperament measures. Data came from 946 adults (65% female) from western Iran. We used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) with target rotation to examine the structure of the PID-5. Factor loadings from the present sample showed similar patterns to loadings found in two previous meta-analytic PID-5 studies with predominantly American and European samples; there were moderate to high congruence coefficients (> 0.80) between loadings in the present sample and the original studies for each of the five PID-5 domains, except Antagonism (congruence coefficients 0.74 and 0.78). Together, these findings bolster claims of generalizability of the PID-5 factor structure beyond samples from North America and Europe. The resulting PID-5 factors also showed meaningful associations with temperament domains. Overall, our findings suggest that the documented structure of personality pathology assessed by the PID-5 extends to this sample of Persian participants and pathological personality shows important overlap with temperament, although the two constructs are distinct.