The Structure of Scientific Literatures I: Identifying and Graphing Specialties

Small, Henry; Griffith, Belver C.

doi:10.1177/030631277400400102

Cited by 617 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Small and Griffith [54] use breadth-first search to compute the connected components of the undirected graph in which two nodes are joined by an edge if and only if they have a positive co-citation value. Pitkow and Pirolli [47] apply this algorithm to study the link-based relationships among a collection of www pages.…”

Section: Clustering Of Link Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment

Kleinberg¹

2011

The Structure and Dynamics of Networks

1,436

2,017

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The network structure of a hyperlinked environment can be a rich source of information about the content of the environment, provided we have effective means for understanding it. We develop a set of algorithmic tools for extracting information from the link structures of such environments, and report on experiments that demonstrate their effectiveness in a variety of contexts on the World Wide Web. The central issue we address within our framework is the distillation of broad search topics, through the discovery of "authoritative" information sources on such topics. We propose and test an algorithmic formulation of the notion of authority, based on the relationship between a set of relevant authoritative pages and the set of "hub pages" that join them together in the link structure. Our formulation has connections to the eigenvectors of certain matrices associated with the link graph; these connections in turn motivate additional heuristics for link-based analysis.

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Section: Clustering Of Link Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment

Kleinberg¹

2011

The Structure and Dynamics of Networks

1,436

2,017

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“…But the giant leap forward in the possibilities for building domain maps or graphs came, in our opinion, from Small 8 and Marshakova, 9 each of whom proposed the use of document cocitation as a variable of study in the analysis of citations of scientific production. Science maps showing all the special fields of the natural sciences, elaborated by Small and Griffith 10 or Griffith, Small, Stonehill and Dey, 11 using the Science Citation Index (SCI) as their source of information and cocitation as a variable of relation, stand as a landmark in the development of the representation of scientific domains.…”

Section: A Brief Bibliographic Review Of Contributions To the Represementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was finally in 1981 14 when the first two volumes of the Atlas appeared, on biochemistry and molecular biology. The techniques used for the generation of the Atlas maps are quite similar to those used by Small and Griffith in 1974 (that is, based on the cocitation of documents of a specific discipline), yet a new spatial positioning of the clusters is achieved by applying Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). Over time, new volumes of the Atlas of Science have presented biotechnology and molecular genetics, 15 and biochemistry, immunology, and plant and animal biology, 16 then drew to a close, to date at least, after the volume on Pharmacology.…”

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confidence: 99%

A new technique for building maps of large scientific domains based on the cocitation of classes and categories

et al. 2004

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Our objective is the generation of schematic visualizations as interfaces for scientific domain analysis. We propose a new technique that uses thematic classification (classes and categories) as entities of cocitation and units of measure, and demonstrate the viability of this methodology through the representation and analysis of a domain of great dimensions. The main features of the maps obtained are discussed, and proposals are made for future improvements and applications.

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“…D may contain 'isolated documents' (Small and Griffith, 1974) that are not co-cited with anything, or that do not co-cite with anything. This can be detected by all-zero columns or rows in the citation matrix; both the row and column are deleted such that a c × c similarity matrix, with c ≤ r, remains.…”

Section: Data Processing and Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent scientific authoring tools: Interactive data mining for constructive uses of citation networks

Berendt

Krause

Kolbe-Nusser

2010

Information Processing & Management

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Many powerful methods and tools exist for extracting meaning from scientific publications, their texts, and their citation links. However, existing proposals often neglect a fundamental aspect of learning: that understanding and learning require an active and constructive exploration of a domain. In this paper, we describe a new method and a tool that use data mining and interactivity to turn the typical search and retrieve dialogue, in which the user asks questions and a system gives answers, into a dialogue that also involves sense-making, in which the user has to become active by constructing a bibliography and a domain model of the search term(s). This model starts from an automatically generated and annotated clustering solution that is iteratively modified by users. The tool is part of an integrated authoring system covering all phases from search through reading and sense-making to writing. Two evaluation studies demonstrate the usability of this interactive and constructive approach, and they show that clusters and groups represent identifiable sub-topics.

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The Structure of Scientific Literatures I: Identifying and Graphing Specialties

Cited by 617 publications

References 20 publications

Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment

Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment

A new technique for building maps of large scientific domains based on the cocitation of classes and categories

Intelligent scientific authoring tools: Interactive data mining for constructive uses of citation networks

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