The Structure of Sleep is Related to the Learning Ability of Rats

Ambrosini, Maria Vittoria; Mariucci, Giuseppina; Colarieti, Lorenza; Bruschelli, G; Carobi, C.; Giuditta, Antonio

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00493.x

Cited by 47 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Daytime training on these tasks triggers alterations in sleep-stage characteristics, especially REM sleep (Ambrosini, et al, 1993; Ambrosini, Sadile, Gironi Carnevale, Mattiaccio, & Giuditta, 1988; Hennevin & Hars, 1987; Mandai, Guerrien, Sockeel, Dujardin, & Leconte, 1989; Sanford, Silvestri, Ross, & Morrison, 2001; Sanford, Tang, Ross, & Morrison, 2003; Smith, Young, & Young, 1980), possibly reflecting homeostatic demands on REM sleep-dependent mechanisms of consolidation.…”

Section: Sleep and Emotional Memory Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing.

Walker¹,

Helm²

2009

Psychological Bulletin

843

663

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Cognitive neuroscience continues to build meaningful connections between affective behavior and human brain function. Within the biological sciences, a similar renaissance has taken place, focusing on the role of sleep in various neurocognitive processes, and most recently, the interaction between sleep and emotional regulation. In this review, we survey an array of diverse findings across basic and clinical research domains, resulting in a convergent view of sleep-dependent emotional brain processing. Based on the unique neurobiology of sleep, we outline a model describing the overnight modulation of affective neural systems and the (re)processing of recent emotional experiences, both of which appear to redress the appropriate next-day reactivity of limbic and associated autonomic networks. Furthermore, a REM sleep hypothesis of emotional-memory processing is proposed, the implications of which may provide brain-based insights into the association between sleep abnormalities and the initiation and maintenance of mood disturbances. KeywordsSleep; REM sleep; Emotion; Affect; Learning; Memory; Depression; PTSD The ability of the human brain to generate, regulate and be guided by emotions represents a fundamental process governing not only our personal lives, but our mental health as well as our societal structure. The recent emergence of cognitive neuroscience has ushered in a new era of research connecting affective behavior with human brain function, and provided a systems-level view of emotional information processing, translationally bridging animal models of affective regulation and relevant clinical disorders (Labar & Cabeza, 2006;Phelps, 2006). Independent of this research area, a recent resurgence has also taken place within the basic sciences, focusing on the functional impact of sleep on neurocognitive processes (Walker & Stickgold, 2006;Chee & Chuah, 2008;Walker, 2009). However, surprisingly less research attention has been given to the interaction between sleep and affective brain function. We say surprising considering the remarkable overlap between the known physiology of sleep, especially REM sleep, and the associated neurochemistry and network anatomy that modulate emotions, as well as the prominent co-occurrence of abnormal sleep (including REM sleep) in almost all affective psychiatric and mood disorders. Despite the relative historical paucity of research, recent work has begun to describe a consistent and clarifying role for sleep in the selective modulation of emotional information and the affective regulation. In the following review, we provide a synthesis of these findings, describing an intimate relationship between sleep, emotional brain function and clinical mood disorders, and offer a tentative first theoretical framework that may account for these observed interactions.

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Section: Sleep and Emotional Memory Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing.

Walker¹,

Helm²

2009

Psychological Bulletin

843

663

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The general view that memory consolidation occurs optimally through cycles of SWS and REM sleep is supported by studies in rats that show high positive correlations between the number of SWS periods followed by REM sleep and number of avoidances on an active avoidance task (Langela et al, 1992; Ambrosini et al, 1988, 1992, 1993, 1995). Interestingly, the number of SWS periods followed by waking correlated negatively with number of avoidances, suggesting that memories may weaken during SWS if not followed by REM sleep (Langela et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vocabulary learning benefits from REM after slow-wave sleep

Batterink

Westerberg

Paller

2017

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Memory reactivation during slow-wave sleep (SWS) influences the consolidation of recently acquired knowledge. This reactivation occurs spontaneously during sleep but can also be triggered by presenting learning-related cues, a technique known as targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Here we examined whether TMR can improve vocabulary learning. Participants learned the meanings of 60 novel words. Auditory cues for half the words were subsequently presented during SWS in an afternoon nap. Memory performance for cued versus uncued words did not differ at the group level but was systematically influenced by REM sleep duration. Participants who obtained relatively greater amounts of REM showed a significant benefit for cued relative to uncued words, whereas participants who obtained little or no REM demonstrated a significant effect in the opposite direction. We propose that REM after SWS may be critical for the consolidation of highly integrative memories, such as new vocabulary. Reactivation during SWS may allow newly encoded memories to be associated with other information, but this association can include disruptive linkages with pre-existing memories. Subsequent REM sleep may then be particularly beneficial for integrating new memories into appropriate pre-existing memory networks. These findings support the general proposition that memory storage benefits optimally from a cyclic succession of SWS and REM.

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“…The Contribution of sleep to memory consolidation Review alternative possibility, the 'double-step' hypothesis, assumes that the succession of NREMS and REMS was required for optimal memory consolidation [46], whatever the memory system considered. Some evidence has supported this hypothesis in animal experiments [47][48][49][50][51]. In humans, the evidence remains scarce.…”

Section: Behavioral Effectsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Contribution of sleep to memory consolidation

Bourdiec¹,

Muto²,

Mascetti³

et al. 2009

Future Neurol.

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A growing body of evidence indicates that sleep promotes memory consolidation; the protracted process by which fresh, labile memories are reorganized into stable memories [1]. Although the first evidence for this effect was collected more than a century ago [2], the potential underlying neural mechanisms are only just beginning to be conceptualized and characterized experimentally.Memory consolidation is a hackneyed expression that may take different meanings. At the cellular level, consolidation is often framed in terms of long-term experience-dependent changes in neural responsiveness, usually resulting from modifications in synaptic strength (Figure 1) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. At the systems level, consolidation relates to the progressive reorganization of memories within brain circuits [20][21]. From a behavioral perspective, consolidation refers to an improvement of performance between practice sessions or a reduction of vulnerability of a memory trace after the acquisition of a novel skill [22][23], although other phenomena such as automatization [24][25] or generalization [26] might also be considered as behavioral markers of memory consolidation (Figure 1).It is therefore not surprising that the effects of sleep on memory consolidation were reported at various levels of description. The early studies assessed the effects of sleep on different memory systems at the behavioral level. They contrasted the influence of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) with rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) on declarative and procedural memories, respectively. As the understanding of the effects of sleep on memory consolidation progressed, the hypotheses were increasingly framed in terms of the neural processes occurring during NREMS or REMS, and specifically, those associated with phasic events such as slow waves, spindles or phasic REMS. This paper is organized into five sections. The first section summarizes the key findings of behavioral studies that suggest an effect of sleep on memory. Earlier reviews have already covered these results in detail [27][28][29][30][31]. The present article highlights recent data that call for a reappraisal of these effects that, although indisputable, seem quantitatively modest. The article also emphasizes the higher sensitivity of neuroimaging and neurophysiological measures in characterizing the effects of sleep on memory. The following sections review the two main hypotheses that are currently being tested, namely the homeostatic synaptic downscaling and the sleep-dependent systems-level consolidation. The final two sections emphasize the intervention of post-training REMs and wakefulness in memory processing. Behavioral effectsThe recognition of different memory systems helped to characterize the effects of sleep on memory consolidation (Figure 2). On the procedural side, spontaneous gains in performance in a motor sequence learning task were observed between initial training and later testing, specifically if the interval included sleep rather ...

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The Structure of Sleep is Related to the Learning Ability of Rats

Cited by 47 publications

References 14 publications

Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing.

Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing.

Vocabulary learning benefits from REM after slow-wave sleep

Contribution of sleep to memory consolidation

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