The structure of the choroid plexus and the physiology of the choroid plexus epithelium

Redžić, Zoran B.; Segal, Malcolm B.

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2004.07.005

Cited by 224 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The ventricles are connected to each other and to the subarachnoid space trough narrow openings and passages, and thus the system is communicating though the geometry of the anatomy is complicated. The established knowledge describes that CSF is secreted from the choroid plexus in the ventricles [34], and mainly absorbed to venous blood through arachnoid granulations in the subarachnoid space [13]. This knowledge has however been questioned as new methods, mostly in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, have been developed which can assess local flows in the system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional knowledge posits that CSF is formed continually in the ventricles and circulates from there to the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spine before being absorbed into venous blood through structures called arachnoid granulations mainly located in the intracranial subarachnoid space [30,34]. The relationships describing the interactions of the volume and flow of CSF and the intracranial pressure (ICP) are referred to as the CSF dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CSF dynamic analysis of a predictive pulsatility-based infusion test for normal pressure hydrocephalus

Qvarlander

Malm

Eklund

2013

Med Biol Eng Comput

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PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination.Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Qvarlander, S., Malm, J., CSF dynamic analysis of a predictive pulsatility-based infusion test for normal pressure hydrocephalus.. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing ABSTRACT IntroductionDisturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are part of the pathophysiology of Normal pressure hydrocephalus and can be modified and treated with shunt surgery. This study investigated the contribution of established CSF dynamic parameters to AMPmean, a prognostic variable defined as mean amplitude of cardiac-related intracranial pressure pulsations during 10 minutes of lumbar constant infusion, with the aim of claryfying the physiological interpretation of the variable.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSF dynamic analysis of a predictive pulsatility-based infusion test for normal pressure hydrocephalus

Qvarlander

Malm

Eklund

2013

Med Biol Eng Comput

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“…The regulation of drug disposition into the brain and wider CNS is tightly governed by the impermeable nature of the BBB and BCSFB coupled with an increasingly important complement of drug transporter proteins which tightly regulate the brain and CNS microenvironment (2,3,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)84 A novel class of compounds that have gained interest as potential transporter modulation candidates are phytoestrogens, of which flavonoids are the most abundant class. In this context, this study was designed to examine the impact of, primarily, flavonoid exposure on the expression and function of BCRP at the BCSFB using the rat choroid plexus Z310 cells lines which has previously been shown to express P-gp , MRP1 (80, 89) and BCRP (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CP epithelium is a dynamic tissue which has a greater perfusion rate compared to the cerebral blood flow and weighing only 2 g (3-6). It secretes CSF at a rate of 25 mL/hour in humans (7) which helps to maintain brain extracellular fluid (ECF) and CSF homeostasis (2,8) as well as providing mechanical support to the brain, removal of metabolic products (9) and as a route for the distribution of nutrients, neurotransmitters and hormones across the CNS (10,11) (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens Modulate Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Expression and Function at the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

Kaur

Badhan

2015

J Pharm Pharm Sci

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-PURPOSE: Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a drug efflux transporter expressed at the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and influences distribution of drugs into the central nervous systems (CNS). Current inhibitors have failed clinically due to neurotoxicity. Novel approaches are needed to identify new modulators to enhance CNS delivery. This study examines 18 compounds (mainly phytoestrogens) as modulators of the expression/function of BCRP in an in vitro rat choroid plexus BCSFB model. METHODS: Modulators were initially subject to cytotoxicity (MTT) assessment to determine optimal non-toxic concentrations. Reverse-transcriptase PCR and confocal microscopy were used to identify the presence of BCRP in Z310 cells. Thereafter modulation of the intracellular accumulation of the fluorescent BCRP probe substrate Hoechst 33342 (H33342), changes in protein expression of BCRP (western blotting) and the functional activity of BCRP (membrane insert model) were assessed under modulator exposure. RESULTS: A 24 hour cytotoxicity assay (0.001 µM-1000 µM) demonstrated the majority of modulators possessed a cellular viability IC50 > 148 µM. Intracellular accumulation of H33342 was significantly increased in the presence of the known BCRP inhibitor Ko143 and, following a 24 hour pre-incubation, all modulators demonstrated statistically significant increases in H33342 accumulation (P < 0.001), when compared to control and Ko143. After a 24 hour pre-incubation with modulators alone, a 0.16-2.5 -fold change in BCRP expression was observed for test compounds. The functional consequences of this were confirmed in a permeable insert model of the BCSFB which demonstrated that 17-β-estradiol, naringin and silymarin (down-regulators) and baicalin (up-regulator) can modulate BCRP-mediated transport function at the BCSFB. CONCLUSION: We have successfully confirmed the gene and protein expression of BCRP in Z310 cells and demonstrated the potential for phytoestrogen modulators to influence the functionality of BCRP at the BCSFB and thereby potentially allowing manipulation of CNS drug disposition.

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“…As the plexus invaginates the ventricle it acquires a covering of ependyma, the cell layer that forms the lining of the ventricle (Fig.1). This ependymal covering is known as the choroidal epithelium, which, although continuous with the rest of the ependyma at the neck of the choroid plexus, is structurally and functionally different, as it becomes modified and specialized to form the BCSFB (Brightman 1968;Redzic and Segal 2004;Tripathi 1973). The choroidal epithelium therefore separates the CSF from the milieu of the plexus core with its leaky capillaries.…”

Section: The Blood--brain Barrier (Bbb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System

Turner

Vink

New Perspectives in Magnesium Research

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The structure of the choroid plexus and the physiology of the choroid plexus epithelium

Cited by 224 publications

References 92 publications

CSF dynamic analysis of a predictive pulsatility-based infusion test for normal pressure hydrocephalus

CSF dynamic analysis of a predictive pulsatility-based infusion test for normal pressure hydrocephalus

Phytoestrogens Modulate Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Expression and Function at the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System

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