“…The duodenal glands, as in the majority of other mammals reported, are restricted to the rather dense submucosa of the duodenum beginning immediately distal to the pyloric sphincter. Brunner's glands of most eutherian species reported drain into intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkiihn) [Bensley, 1903;Carleton, 1935;Elias, 1947;Krause, 1975] as do those of the manatee. Interest ingly, the duodenal glands empty directly into the intestinal lumen in many metatherian forms [Krause and Leeson, 1969;Krause, 1973], in two species of insectivore [Krause, 1980] and in seven wild ungulate species that have a typical ruminant form of digestion [Krause, 1981], Ultrastructurally, cells comprising the duodenal glands of the manatee exhibit features intermediate between the classical serous and mucous cell types, and in this regard they are similar to those observed previously in the rat [Leeson and Leeson, 1966], echidna [Krause, 1970], wombat, shortnosed bandicoot, grey kan garoo [Krause, 1973] and several ungulate species [Krause, 1981].…”