The Structure of the Root in Modern Russian

Shevelov, George Y.

doi:10.2307/304136

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Russian and Hebrew have very distinct morphological features, especially in word formation. Russian word formation highly relies on concatenative morphology ( Shevelov, 1957 ), while Hebrew word formation mostly uses non-concatenative morphology ( Berman and Bolozky, 1978 ; Aronoff, 1994 ). Previous studies suggested that morphological awareness requires high proficiency in a given language ( Bialystok and Barac, 2012 ); thus, morphological awareness in SL-Hebrew requires high proficiency in SL-Hebrew.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocabulary, Metalinguistic Awareness and Language Dominance Among Bilingual Preschool Children

2018

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Awareness of language structure has been studied in bilinguals, but there is limited research on how language dominance is related to metalinguistic awareness, and whether metalinguistic awareness predicts vocabulary size. The present study aims to explore the role of language dominance in the relation between vocabulary size in both languages of bilingual children and metalinguistic awareness in the societal language. It evaluates the impact of two metalinguistic awareness abilities, morphological and lexical awareness, on receptive and expressive vocabulary size. This is of special interest since most studies focus on the impact of exposure on vocabulary size but very few explore the impact of the interaction between metalinguistic awareness and dominance. 5–6-year-old preschool children with typical language development participated in the study: 15 Russian-Hebrew bilingual children dominant in the societal language (SL) Hebrew, 21 Russian-Hebrew bilingual children dominant in the Heritage language (HL) Russian and 32 monolingual children. Dominance was determined by relative proficiency, based on standardized tests in the two languages. Tasks of morphological and lexical awareness were administered in SL-Hebrew, along with measures of receptive and expressive vocabulary size in both languages. Vocabulary size in SL-Hebrew was significantly higher for SL-dominant bilinguals (who performed like monolinguals) than for HL-dominant bilinguals, while HL-Russian vocabulary size was higher for HL-dominant bilinguals than for SL-dominant bilinguals. A hierarchical regression analyzing the relationship between vocabulary size and metalinguistic awareness showed that dominance, lexical metalinguistic awareness and the interaction between the two were predictors of both receptive and expressive vocabulary size. Morphological metalinguistic awareness was not a predictor of vocabulary size. The relationship between lexical awareness and SL-vocabulary size was limited to the HL-dominant group. HL-dominant bilinguals relied on lexical metalinguistic awareness, measured by fast mapping abilities, that is, the abilities to acquire new words, in expanding their vocabulary size, whereas SL-dominant bilinguals and monolinguals did not. This difference reflects the milestones of lexical acquisition the different groups have reached. These findings show that metalinguistic awareness should also be taken into consideration when evaluating the variables that influence vocabulary size among bilinguals though different ways in different dominance groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocabulary, Metalinguistic Awareness and Language Dominance Among Bilingual Preschool Children

2018

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Quantitative and qualitative differences in the lexical knowledge of monolingual and bilingual children on the LITMUS-CLT task

Altman

Goldstein

Armon-Lotem

2017

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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While bilingual children follow the same milestones of language acquisition as monolingual children do in learning the syntactic patterns of their second language (L2), their vocabulary size in L2 often lags behind compared to monolinguals. The present study explores the comprehension and production of nouns and verbs in Hebrew, by two groups of 5- to 6-year olds with typical language development: monolingual Hebrew speakers (N = 26), and Russian-Hebrew bilinguals (N = 27). Analyses not only show quantitative gaps between comprehension and production and between nouns and verbs, with a bilingual effect in both, but also a qualitative difference between monolinguals and bilinguals in their production errors: monolinguals' errors reveal knowledge of the language rules despite temporary access difficulties, while bilinguals' errors reflect gaps in their knowledge of Hebrew (L2). The nature of Hebrew as a Semitic language allows one to explore this qualitative difference in the semantic and morphological level.

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Getting the ##life out of living: How Adequate Are Word-Pieces for Modelling Complex Morphology?

Klein¹,

Tsarfaty²

2020

Proceedings of the 17th SIGMORPHON Workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology

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This work investigates the most basic units that underlie contextualized word embeddings, such as BERT -the so-called word pieces. In Morphologically-Rich Languages (MRLs) which exhibit morphological fusion and nonconcatenative morphology, the different units of meaning within a word may be fused, intertwined, and cannot be separated linearly. Therefore, when using word-pieces in MRLs, we must consider that: (1) a linear segmentation into sub-word units might not capture the full morphological complexity of words; and (2) representations that leave morphological knowledge on sub-word units inaccessible might negatively affect performance. Here we empirically examine the capacity of wordpieces to capture morphology by investigating the task of multi-tagging in Hebrew, as a proxy to evaluating the underlying segmentation. Our results show that, while models trained to predict multi-tags for complete words outperform models tuned to predict the distinct tags of WPs, we can improve the WPs tag prediction by purposefully constraining the wordpieces to reflect their internal functions. We conjecture that this is due to the naïve linear tokenization of words into word-pieces, and suggest that linguistically-informed word-pieces schemes, that make morphological knowledge explicit, might boost performance for MRLs.

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The Structure of the Root in Modern Russian

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Vocabulary, Metalinguistic Awareness and Language Dominance Among Bilingual Preschool Children

Vocabulary, Metalinguistic Awareness and Language Dominance Among Bilingual Preschool Children

Quantitative and qualitative differences in the lexical knowledge of monolingual and bilingual children on the LITMUS-CLT task

Getting the ##life out of living: How Adequate Are Word-Pieces for Modelling Complex Morphology?

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