The structure of turbulent flow in triangular array rod bundles

Phenomenological investigations on the turbulent flow structures in a rod bundle array with mixing devices

“…Trupp and Azad [1] inferred the existence of a secondary flow in a subchannel from the measurements of the axial velocity profile and the shear stress of the rod surfaces. Neti et.…”

Direct numerical and large eddy simulation of longitudinal flow along triangular array of rods using the lattice Boltzmann method

“…Fig. 8 shows a typical secondary flow profile observed by Trupp and Azad [12]. One can see the 12 counter-rotating "vortices" in the mean lateral velocities.…”

“…Scientists found two possible explanations of the more intense mixing. One of these candidates is the so-called flow pulsation phenomenon, which is observed in recent measurements [8] and the other is a kind of secondary flow [12]. In order to find the real cause of the higher mixing we performed numericals simulations of the rod bundles at different levels (DNS, LES, Reynolds-averaged Naiver-Stokes-RANS).…”

URANS simulation of the turbulent flow in tight lattice bundle

“…With the development of measurement techniques, more experiments were presented in the late 1990 [4][5][6][7][8][9], which indicate that the turbulent flow in a rod bundle has completely different characteristics compared to that in a pipe. A high mixing in the gap region was observed, which was once explained by the secondary flow.…”