The Structure of Winds of the Upper Troposphere at Mesoscale

Mantis, Homer T.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0094:tsowot>2.0.co;2

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…2) and much larger than 1 0 km: From Figs. 1 and 3 we can draw the conclusion that two-dimensional isotropy exists in the free atmosphere at periods from -6 6 days to 10-20 min (see also Mantis, 1963). At scales much less than 10 km and a t periods much shorter than 10 rnin the flow becomes three-dimensionally isotropic, and the spectral densities of lateral components are 4/3 times larger than those of the longitudinal one (Monin & Yaglom, 1967).…”

Section: N K Vinnichenkomentioning

confidence: 84%

“…lo spectrum the " -5/3" law 2 Data derived from superpressure balloon flights fairly wel1.e (Mantis, 1963) show (solid squares in Fig. 3) that no the cascade of energy from synoptic through meso-to microscale wavelengths.…”

Section: N K Vinnichenkomentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Until now only occasional data have been available on the existence of mesoscale gaps in the free atmosphere (Mantis, 1963;Reiter & Burns, 1965; Vinnichenko et ul., 1968). No definite conclusion could be drawn from these data due to lack of reliable spectral estimates a t subsynoptic and synoptic scales.…”

Section: Spectral Gap At Mesoscalementioning

confidence: 99%

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The kinetic energy spectrum in the free atmosphere-1 second to 5 years

Vinnichenko¹

1970

Tellus

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An energy spectrum of wind speed at altitudes from 3 to 20 km is constructed from rawinsonde and aircraft data originating in the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. Most of the observations are concentrated near 40° N and cover periods from 1 sec to 5 year. The spectrum is subdivided into three major regions separated by gaps: a sharp annual maximum, a synoptic (or macroscale) maximum at periods from 1–2 months to 3–4 days, and a microscale maximum with periods of 1–3 min. It is shown that the micro‐scale maximum is not a permanent feature of the spectrum. Usually high frequency turbulence is supressed by stable stratification in the free atmosphere and its energy is negligibly small. Spectra in the free atmosphere and near the ground are compared. An attempt is made to relate frequency and wave number spectra at synoptic scales.

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Section: N K Vinnichenkomentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: N K Vinnichenkomentioning

confidence: 90%

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The kinetic energy spectrum in the free atmosphere-1 second to 5 years

Vinnichenko¹

1970

Tellus

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“…In principle it should be possible to devise an experiment analogous to the dye-streak experiment in the thermocline in which the tracer is generated at a very low Reynolds number (Re < 100). Essentially this experiment would be an extension of the free-balloon work of Mantis [1963], who concluded that the free atmosphere is mainly nonturbulent, at least within the sensitivity of his technique. It would be worth while performing this experiment, if only to convince doubting meteorologists that a fluid as large as the atmosphere can really contain large regions in laminar flow.…”

Section: Ellisoh's and Stewart's Theoretical Work Underminedmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Richardson's Number as a Criterion for Laminar‐Turbulent‐Laminar Transition in the Ocean and Atmosphere

Woods¹

1969

Radio Science

137

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Dye‐tracer experiments in the seasonal oceanic theormocline have revealed a microstructure with a significant fluctuation of shear and density gradient within a vertical distance of 1 cm. It has proved possible to relate the occurrence of localized spots of turbulence with this structure and with internal waves traveling along especially (statically) stable ‘sheets’ within the thermocline. The thermocline microstructure has a predominant vertical scale of a few decimeters, the sheet waves have wavelengths in the range 5–10 meters, and the turbulence occurs at a Reynolds number in the range 200–1000. Similar features are found on a very much larger scale in the atmosphere, although the methods of investigation (mainly instrumented aircraft) used here are incapable of yielding the detailed information obtained by divers working in the thermocline. It seems useful, therefore, to treat the observations of microstructure, waves, and turbulence in the thermocline as a possible model for the corresponding features in the atmosphere. This leads to some predictions concerning the atmosphere microstructure and also to suggestions for the planning of experimental investigations. The available evidence from the atmosphere appears to support the predictions that (1) the critical gradient Richardson number for reverse transition occurs at about unity regardless of the Reynolds number of the turbulence, and (2) that most of the atmosphere (with the exception of clouds and the boundary layer) is in laminar flow.

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“…In recent years, studies of atmospheric turbulence and diffusion have been extended to the free atmosphere above the planetary boundary layer. Because of insuftqcient measurements, most of these studies have primarily been limited to the troposphere [Ogura, 1958;Angell, 1960;Kao, 1962Kao, , 1965Mantis, 1963;Pinus, 1963;Relier, 1963;Scoggins, 1963;Kao and Bullock, 1964;Kao and Woods, 1964]. Murgatroyd [1957] has made a comprehensive review of the winds between 20 and 100 km; however, wind data collected before 1957 were not extensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy spectrums, mean and eddy kinetic energies of the atmosphere between surface and 50 kilometers

Kao¹,

Sands²

1966

J. Geophys. Res.

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Wind velocities from the surface to or above 50km, measured by meteorological rockets at White Sands, New Mexico, have been analyzed for a period of 2 years from January 1963 to December 1964. The Eulerian space correlations and the normalized energy spectrums have been computed for the mesoscale velocity fluctuations. It is found that the normalized energy spectrums for both the longitudinal and transverse velocity components appear to be similar for all seasons and are approximately proportional to k−2 in the range between 6×10−2 and 4×10−1 cycle km−1. A spectral peak occurs between 3×10−2 and 6×10−2 cycle km−1. The monthly mean kinetic energies of the mean and eddy flows have also been computed. It is found that the winter stratospheric westerly jet generally is associated with more eddy kinetic energy than the summer easterly jet and that the variance of the velocity is approximately proportional to mean velocity in the stratospheric westerly jet.

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The Structure of Winds of the Upper Troposphere at Mesoscale

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

The kinetic energy spectrum in the free atmosphere-1 second to 5 years

The kinetic energy spectrum in the free atmosphere-1 second to 5 years

On Richardson's Number as a Criterion for Laminar‐Turbulent‐Laminar Transition in the Ocean and Atmosphere

Energy spectrums, mean and eddy kinetic energies of the atmosphere between surface and 50 kilometers

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