The struggle for Palestinian hearts and minds: Violence and public opinion in the Second Intifada

Jaeger, David A.; Klor, Esteban F.; Miaari, Sami H.; Paserman, M. Daniele

doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.12.001

Cited by 82 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For instance, Lyall, Blair, and Imai (2013) demonstrated the importance of social identity in Afghan civilians' responses to political violent acts, especially when the violence was not directly experienced. Similar findings were seen among Israeli adults and Palestinian adults, as well as Iraqi adults (Berrebi & Klor, 2008; Condra & Shapiro, 2012; Jaeger, Klor, Miaari, & Paserman, 2008). …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Longitudinal Effects of Chronic Mediated Exposure to Political Violence on Ideological Beliefs About Political Conflicts Among Youths

Dvir-Gvirsman¹,

Huesmann

Dubow

et al. 2015

Political Communication

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This study examines the effects of chronic (i.e., repeated and cumulative) mediated exposure to political violence on ideological beliefs regarding political conflict. It centers on these effects on young viewers, from preadolescents to adolescents. Ideological beliefs refers here to support of war, perception of threat to one's nation, and normative beliefs concerning aggression toward the out-group. A longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of Israeli and Palestinian youths who experience the Israeli-Palestinian conflict firsthand (N = 1,207). Two alternative hypotheses were tested: that chronic exposure via the media increases support for war and aggression and elevates feeling of threat, or that chronic exposure via the media strengthens preexisting beliefs. Results demonstrated that higher levels of exposure were longitudinally related to stronger support for war. Regarding normative beliefs about aggression and threat to one's nation, mediated exposure reinforced initial beliefs, rendering the youths more extreme in their attitudes. These results mostly support the conceptualization of the relation between media violence and behaviors as “reciprocally determined” or “reinforcing spirals.” The results are also discussed in light of the differences found between the effect of exposure to political violence firsthand and exposure via the media.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Longitudinal Effects of Chronic Mediated Exposure to Political Violence on Ideological Beliefs About Political Conflicts Among Youths

Dvir-Gvirsman¹,

Huesmann

Dubow

et al. 2015

Political Communication

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“…Focusing on the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict, Jaeger et al . () show that Palestinian fatalities cause the short‐run radicalisation of the Palestinian population but the effect is fleeting and disappears within ninety days. Jaeger et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-run Effect of 9/11: Terrorism, Backlash, and the Assimilation of Muslim Immigrants in the West

Gould

Klor

2015

Econ J

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This paper investigates whether the 9/11 attacks affected the assimilation rate of Muslims in the United States. Terror attacks by Islamic groups are likely to induce a backlash against Muslims, thereby raising their costs of assimilation. We find that Muslim immigrants living in states with the sharpest increase in hate crimes also exhibit: (i) greater chances of marrying within their own ethnic group; (ii) higher fertility; (iii) lower female labour force participation; and (iv) lower English proficiency. These findings shed light on the increasing use of terror and concurrent rise in social tensions surrounding Muslim immigrants in the West.The terror attacks on the United States in 2001 impacted the world in many ways. The shock and the loss of life were the most acute and immediate effects. Soon after, the economy was affected by the damage, disruption of air travel, and increasing uncertainty in the security situation and world financial markets. Major military campaigns were subsequently launched in Afghanistan and Iraq, creating new tensions and alliances between countries. It is safe to say that the 9/11 attacks transformed the economic and diplomatic landscape on a global scale. In this paper, we examine how the 9/11 attacks affected the Muslim community within the United States.In particular, we investigate the general idea that terror attacks by radical Islamic groups are likely to induce a backlash against the Muslim community as a whole, raising their costs of assimilation. Evidence for a backlash after 9/11 is supported by the data on hate crimes against Muslims, which went from 28 to 481 reported incidents from the year 2000 to 2001. A similar backlash against Muslims took place all across Europe (Åslund and Rooth, 2005;Hanes and Machin, 2012;Schüller, 2012). We empirically examine whether this backlash slowed the rate of assimilation by exploiting variation across states in the number of hate crimes against Muslims in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. Using individual-level data from the Census and American Community Surveys from 1990-2010, our results show that Muslim immigrants living in states which experienced the sharpest increase in hate crimes after 9/11 also exhibit: (i) greater chances of "intra-marriage" (marrying someone who also originates from a Muslim country); (ii) higher fertility; (iii) lower female labour force participation; and (iv) lower English proficiency.Interestingly, the higher rate of intra-marriage is coming at the expense of marrying outside of the ethnic group, rather than a general increase in the marriage rate. All of these patterns are consistent with a less-assimilated outcome, since Muslim countries are characterized by very low Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. rates of female labour force participation and high fertility rates compared to natives in the United States.Overall, our findings show that the 9/11 attacks induced a backlash which made the Muslim community in America more cohesive and traditional. In order to att...

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“…We cannot exclude the possibility that the number of terrorist attacks is influenced by a factor that also affects the educational attainment in a country. 19 Second, as in other cross-country analyses using attitudes towards terrorism, our study encounters the problem of possible reverse causality as opinion on violence is often considered to be endogenous to the level of violence in the country (Bloom, 2004;Jaeger et al, 2011). One possibility to address this concern is to estimate model (1), using the number of attacks that happened after the survey had been conducted (i.e., 2008, 2009 and 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Higher Education Decrease Support for Terrorism?

Malečková¹,

Stanišić²

2013

Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy

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The paper examines the educational level of the part of the public in 16 Middle Eastern, Asian and African countries who justify suicide bombing and dislike regional/world powers, and its relationship with the occurrence of terrorism originating from the former countries and directed against the powers. We find that the share of highly educated people in this critical support group (regardless of gender and age) in a country is significantly correlated with the number of international terrorist acts carried out by individuals or groups from that country. The paper confirms that public opinion has an impact on terrorism and suggests that increasing education is not by itself a sufficient means of counter-terrorist policy.

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The struggle for Palestinian hearts and minds: Violence and public opinion in the Second Intifada

Cited by 82 publications

References 31 publications

The Longitudinal Effects of Chronic Mediated Exposure to Political Violence on Ideological Beliefs About Political Conflicts Among Youths

The Longitudinal Effects of Chronic Mediated Exposure to Political Violence on Ideological Beliefs About Political Conflicts Among Youths

The Long-run Effect of 9/11: Terrorism, Backlash, and the Assimilation of Muslim Immigrants in the West

Does Higher Education Decrease Support for Terrorism?

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