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Currently, the search for effective ways to dispose of pharmaceutical waste, including the use of microorganisms, is relevant, which makes it possible to obtain products with new useful, in particular, phytostimulating properties. Our previous studies have shown that the product of bacterial destruction of paracetamol exhibits pronounced phytostimulating properties in relation to medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Urticaceae, Asteraceae families and can be used as an inducer of accumulation of biologically active substances in them. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of the biodegradation product of paracetamol on the amount of polysaccharides, biomass, size and morphological and anatomical features of flax seeds Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae family). Materials and methods. The work used a product of biodegradation of paracetamol (PBP), obtained on the basis of the laboratory of alkanotrophic microorganisms "Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UrO RAS (Perm) from the pharmaceutical substance paracetamol with an expired expiration date. The study of the phytostimulating effect of PBP in relation to common flax was carried out on the basis of the A.G. Genkel Botanical Garden of the Perm State National Research University. The content of polysaccharides was determined by gravimetric method. A comparative analysis of the morphological and anatomical structure of seeds was carried out using the Motic DM-111 digital microscope and the Motic Play and Motic Educator software. Results. When processing flax seedlings of ordinary PBP, the amount of polysaccharides in seeds increased by 6%, the total collection of seed biomass by 20.5%, the size (length) of seeds by 2% compared to the control (water). Biometric parameters of the mucous layer of seeds collected from the site treated with PBP increased by 10% compared to the control. Conclusion. The biodegradation product of paracetamol has a stimulating effect on the medicinal plant of the flax family (Linaceae) flax Linum usitatissimum L., increasing the content of polysaccharides, the total collection of seed biomass and their size.
Currently, the search for effective ways to dispose of pharmaceutical waste, including the use of microorganisms, is relevant, which makes it possible to obtain products with new useful, in particular, phytostimulating properties. Our previous studies have shown that the product of bacterial destruction of paracetamol exhibits pronounced phytostimulating properties in relation to medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Urticaceae, Asteraceae families and can be used as an inducer of accumulation of biologically active substances in them. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of the biodegradation product of paracetamol on the amount of polysaccharides, biomass, size and morphological and anatomical features of flax seeds Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae family). Materials and methods. The work used a product of biodegradation of paracetamol (PBP), obtained on the basis of the laboratory of alkanotrophic microorganisms "Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UrO RAS (Perm) from the pharmaceutical substance paracetamol with an expired expiration date. The study of the phytostimulating effect of PBP in relation to common flax was carried out on the basis of the A.G. Genkel Botanical Garden of the Perm State National Research University. The content of polysaccharides was determined by gravimetric method. A comparative analysis of the morphological and anatomical structure of seeds was carried out using the Motic DM-111 digital microscope and the Motic Play and Motic Educator software. Results. When processing flax seedlings of ordinary PBP, the amount of polysaccharides in seeds increased by 6%, the total collection of seed biomass by 20.5%, the size (length) of seeds by 2% compared to the control (water). Biometric parameters of the mucous layer of seeds collected from the site treated with PBP increased by 10% compared to the control. Conclusion. The biodegradation product of paracetamol has a stimulating effect on the medicinal plant of the flax family (Linaceae) flax Linum usitatissimum L., increasing the content of polysaccharides, the total collection of seed biomass and their size.
Relevance. The search for environmentally friendly methods of processing pharmaceutical waste to obtain new biologically active compounds on their basis, including phytostimulating action, is especially relevant in recent years due to global pharmaceutical pollution of water bodies in many countries. The results of previous studies have shown that the product of bacterial degradation of paracetamol exhibits pronounced phytostimulating properties in relation to medicinal plants of Plantaginaceae, Asteraceae, Linaceae, Lamiaceae and other families. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of PBP on morphometric parameters, dry biomass and the content of biologically active substanc-es in the leaves of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.), a medicinal plant of the family. nettles (Urticaceae). Material and methods. We used bacterial degradation of paracetamol obtained on the basis of the Laboratory of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms, PFRC, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Perm). Stinging nettle leaves collected from plants treated with bacterial degradation of paracetamol were used to determine the biomass by gravimetric method, morphometric parameters, as well as the content of the total free organic acids, hy-droxycinnamic acids and ascorbic acid by titrimetric analysis and spectrophotometry. Water and alcohol extracts from medicinal plant materials were obtained according to the method of the Global Fund XIV ed. Results. Under the influence of bacterial degradation of paracetamol, the morphometric parameters – the length and width of the nettle leaves in-crease by 115 % and 66 %, respectively, the total collection of leaf biomass increases by 40 % compared to the control (water). The increase in the content of the total free organic acids under the influence of bacterial degradation of paracetamol is 18.5%, hydroxycinnamic acids – 6.8%, ascorbic acid – 12.5%. Conclusion. The product of bacterial degradation of paracetamol has a obvious phytostimulating effect on stinging nettle. Conflict of interests. The authors declare the absence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article. Contribution of authors. E.V. Vikhareva– planning an experiment, writing an article; E.V. Slabinskaya, I.I. Mishenina, D.F. Rubtsov– conducting field and laboratory experiments, processing the results; M.I. Rychkova– obtaining a biodegradation product of paracetamol. Source of funding. The researches were carried out using the equipment of the Regional Profiled collection of alkanotrophic Microorganisms CCP Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences according to the state task AAAA19-119112290008-4 and with the financial support of the Perm Scientific and Educational Center "Rational Subsoil Use", 2022.
Introduction. In recent years, there has been a substantial rise in the utilization of biostimulants in agricultural crop production. The authors’ exten-sive research over the years has revealed that the byproduct of bacterial degradation of paracetamol exhibits a notable stimulatory effect on various medicinal and agricultural plants from different families. It serves as an inducer for the accumulation of biologically active substances in these plants, thereby making it a promising and efficient biostimulant. The purpose of this study is to establish a comprehensive set of indicators and create a preliminary specification for the quality control of the bacte-rial degradation product of paracetamol, which serves as a new biostimulant for medicinal and agricultural plants. Material and methods. For this study, we utilized the bacterial degradation product of paracetamol, derived from a pharmaceutical substance with an expired shelf life. The product was obtained from the Laboratory of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS (Perm). We employed various methods to analyze the product, including determining the melting point through the capillary method, assessing lead, cadmium, and arsenic content using an atomic absorption spectrometer with electrothermal atomization (MGA-915M, Lumex, Russia) and the Mga software on a personal computer running the Windows®-2000/XP operating system. Additionally, we recorded the IR spectrum using a Specord M80 IR spectrometer (Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH, Germany), and the electronic spectra were obtained with a Lambda EZ 201 spectrophotometer (Perki-nElmer, USA). The quantification of phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups was performed through back acid-base potentiometric titration. Results: The product of bacterial degradation of paracetamol is practically insoluble in water, ether, very slightly soluble in chloroform, slightly soluble in hexane and acetonitrile, soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate, freely soluble in methyl alcohol, 95% ethyl alcohol and dimethyl sulfoxide. The melting point ranged from 150 to 206 °C, with decomposition. The heavy metal and arsenic content in samples of the product with varying shelf life complied with the standards outlined in general pharmacopoeia monograph 1.5.3.0009.15. The IR spectrum exhibited characteristic absorption bands of func-tional groups, including C–H aromatic (3042 cm1), –OH phenolic (3425 cm1), –NH– (3200 cm1), and C= N (1609 cm1). The electronic spectra of product solutions, in the concentration range of 5·106 to 2.5·105 g/cm3, displayed absorption maxima at λ=218 and λ=318 nm. The content of phenolic hydroxyls in the product composition ranged from 4.22 to 5.16 mmol-eq/g, while carboxyl groups ranged from 1.76 to 3.05 mmol-eq/g, comparable to the quantities found in humic acids. Conclusions. We have established a comprehensive list of indicators and developed a preliminary specification for the quality control of the bacterial degradation product of paracetamol as a biostimulant for medicinal and agricultural plants.
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