The study of chemical composition of Persian glass vessels of the early Islamic centuries (10th−11th centuries AD) by micro-PIXE; Case Study: Islamic collection in the National Museum of Iran

Salehvand, Navid; Agha-Aligol, Davoud; Shishegar, Arman; Rachti, M. Lamehi

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102034

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…While Roman and late antique glasses in Egypt and Greater Syria were typically of a natron-type composition, in Mesopotamia sodarich plant ash was used as the main fluxing agent throughout the Persian, Parthian and Sasanian Empires (Brill 1999;Freestone 2006;Ganio et al 2013;Shortland et al 2018;Van Ham-Meert et al 2019). In recent years a growing body of glass assemblages from various Mesopotamian and Iranian sites have been analysed, notably those from Samarra (Schibille et al 2018a), Nishapur (Wypyski 2015) and Siraf (Swan et al 2017) as well as some individual samples from numerous sites which are now stored at the Iran National Museum (Salehvand et al 2020). To this we can now add a sizeable collection of glass samples from Merv (Turkmenistan, Meek et al in preparation).…”

Section: Glass Production In Mesopotamiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Islamic Glass in the Making

SCHIBILLE¹

2022

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Section: Glass Production In Mesopotamiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Islamic Glass in the Making

SCHIBILLE¹

2022

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“…The magnesium oxide varies in the range of 1.50-3.70wt% and the potassium oxide changes in the range of 1.5-4.0wt% in all alkaline glazes. Therefore, in all alkaline glazes applied in the pottery of this area plant ash used as a main resources of ux (Kato, et al, 2010, Salehvand, et al, 2020. In addition, based on the changes of these two oxides as clearly shown in Fig.…”

Section: Glaze's Raw Materials and The Variety Of Glazesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Elemental analysis of pottery obtained from the historical site of Kohneh Gorab Amlash using Micro-PIXE technique: classification and provenance study

Raof

Raiygani

Agha-Aligol

2022

Preprint

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The study and measurement of elemental compositions of historical pottery have particular importance. Only by knowing the elemental composition of these historical artifacts can precious information be obtained in various fields such as technology and manufacturing technique, determination of raw materials used in manufacturing and their diversity, the study of trade and exchange, and provenance study of these historical objects. In this article, 14 pieces of glazed artifacts, including the remaining nine dishes and five tiles belonging to the middle of the Islamic period, have been analyzed and examined using the micro-PIXE technique.The pottery studied in this article have been obtained from the second season of archaeological excavation in the ancient site of Kohneh Gorab Amlash in Gilan province in 2021. In the present study, the elemental compositions of the main body, the base glaze, and the surface decorations used in these pieces have been measured using the micro-PIXE analysis for the first time.This study uses elemental analysis to find appropriate answers to related questions. What raw materials have been used to manufacture the main body and glaze of these objects, whether the same raw materials used in the main body and base glaze? What is the resource of the raw materials used as flux or melting materials? Determining the colorant agents and identifying the elements that are responsible for different colors is another question that can be considered as another goal of this research work.Based on the results obtained from the elemental compositions of the main body of the pottery, it can be concluded that different sources of silica have been used in the making of the pottery of Kohneh Gorab Amlash. Elemental analysis depicted three different types of raw materials used in the main body of this pottery to supply silica raw materials. The first group used stonepaste as silica raw materials, and the second and third groups were used clay to silica resources. Also, the results of elemental analysis of the base glaze show that three types of alkali glaze, lead glaze and lead-tin-alkali glaze, can be identified in these studied objects. In addition, the results shows that the flux used in alkaline glazes was prepared from plant ashes.

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“…In addition, the elemental composition of these samples show that Fe2O3 CoO and Cu2O are the colorant agents and MnO has been used as a decolorant element in the samples. ، ‫فلسطین‬ [43,53] ، ‫لبنان‬ [54] ‫مصر‬ ‫و‬ [7] ‫د‬ ، ‫فلسطین‬ [43,53] ، ‫لبنان‬ [54] ، ‫مصر‬ [7] ‫و‬ ‫محوطه‬ ‫مانند‬ ‫تاریخی‬ ‫های‬ ‫تیسف‬ ‫اردشیر‬ ‫وه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬ [7,55,56 ] ‫سامراه‬ ‫و‬ [8] ‫کشور‬ ‫از‬ ‫محوطه‬ ‫از‬ ‫برخی‬ ‫همچنین‬ ‫و‬ ‫عراق‬ ‫ایران‬ ‫تاریخی‬ ‫های‬ [7,10,11,13] . Fig.…”

Section: Conclutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 7: Scatter plot in wt.% of aluminum oxide(Al2O3) in terms of the ratio of magnesium oxide(MgO) to calcium oxide(CaO) in all analyzed samples in this study and their comparison with samples from Syria [52], Palestine [43,53], Lebanon [54], Egypt [7] and few historical sites such as Ctesiphon and Ve Ardashir [7,55,56] and Samarra [8] from Iraq as well as some historical sites in Iran [7,10,13,11].…”

Section: Conclutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental Composition of Glass Artifacts Excavated from Takht-e Suleiman World Heritage Site and Ardabil Ancient Sites in Northwestern Iran by Micro-PIXE

Agha-Aligol

Yousefi

Moradi

2021

JRA

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This paper reports and discusses elemental composition results obtained from analysis of 36 glass fragments discovered from the Takht-e Suleiman World Heritage Site and Ardabil historical sites in northwestern Iran. The analyzed samples dating back to Sassanian /Islamic period. The glass objects in this study include decorative objects such as bracelet, pieces of vessels, and indefinites form such as chunk and raw materials, which are in different colors of light and dark green, emerald green, white, purple, turquoise, brown and black. Elemental analysis of these samples was performed using micro-PIXE technique in Van de Graaff Laboratory in the Nuclear Science & Technology Research Institute in Tehran, Iran. By micro-PIXE analysis, the major and minor elements of these glasses were measured. Elements measured in all 36 samples include: sodium oxide (Na2O), magnesium oxide (MgO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon oxide (SiO2), phosphorus oxide (P2O5), Sulfur oxide (SO3), chlorine (Cl), potassium oxide (K2O), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium oxide (TiO2), manganese oxide (MnO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3). Chromium oxide (Cr2O3), cobalt oxide (CoO), copper oxide (Cu2O), zinc oxide (ZnO), strontium oxide (SrO) and lead oxide (PbO) were also measured in a number of samples. In addition, one sample contains barium oxide (BaO) and two samples contain tin oxide (SnO2) and arsenic oxide (As2O5). According to elemental analysis results, the important questions in technology and manufacturing technique, determining the raw materials used in manufacturing, determining the type of glass as well as investigation of trade and exchange of raw materials about analyzed glasses are answered. Furthermore, to investigate the provenance of artifacts and to determine the differences in the elemental compositions of glass excavated from Takht-e Suleiman World Heritage Site and Ardabil historical sites, our elemental composition results have been combined and compared with the reported results from other sites of the Eastern Mediterranean countries, such as Syria, Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon and neighboring countries of Iran such as Iraq.

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The study of chemical composition of Persian glass vessels of the early Islamic centuries (10th−11th centuries AD) by micro-PIXE; Case Study: Islamic collection in the National Museum of Iran

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Islamic Glass in the Making

Islamic Glass in the Making

Elemental analysis of pottery obtained from the historical site of Kohneh Gorab Amlash using Micro-PIXE technique: classification and provenance study

Elemental Composition of Glass Artifacts Excavated from Takht-e Suleiman World Heritage Site and Ardabil Ancient Sites in Northwestern Iran by Micro-PIXE

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