The Study of Dynamic Response to Acute Hemorrhage by Pulse Spectrum Analysis

Abstract

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) holds that blood and qi are fundamental substances in the human body for sustaining normal vital activity. The theory of qi, blood and zang-fu contribute the most important theoretical basis of human physiology in TCM. An animal model using conscious rats was employed in this study to further comprehend how organisms survive during acute hemorrhage by maintaining the functionalities of qi and blood through dynamically regulating visceral physiological conditions. Pulse waves of arterial blood pressure before and after the hemorrhage were taken in parallel to pulse spectrum analysis. Percentage differences of mean arterial blood pressure and harmonics were recorded in subsequent 5-minute intervals following the hemorrhage. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan's test for pairwise comparisons. Results showed that, within 30 minutes following the onset of acute hemorrhage,the reduction of mean arterial blood pressure was improved from 62% to 20%. Throughout the process, changes to the pulse spectrum appeared to result in a new balance over time. The percentage differences of the second and third harmonics, which were related to kidney and spleen, both increased significantly than baseline and towards another steady state. Apart from the steady state resulting from the previous stage, the percentage difference of the 4th harmonic decreased significantly to another steady state. The observed change could be attributed to the induction of functional qi, and is a result of qi-blood balancing activity that organisms hold to survive against acute bleeding.

Developing the Effective Method of Spectral Harmonic Energy Ratio to Analyze the Arterial Pulse Spectrum

“…Furthermore, the cardiovascular system is an electrically driven mechanical-pumping system, and the organ resonance theory is verified via the accordance of the spectral distribution of the electrocardiogram (ECG) as well as the arterial pulse [16, 17]. Furthermore, the specifically different patterns of the harmonic components of the arterial pulse among surviving and expired rats that suffered from acute bleeding and progressive hemorrhaging were studied [18, 19]. However, the previously mentioned spectral-domain studies focus on the frequency range of 0–10 Hz, where most arterial pulse energy is concentrated.…”

Different Patterns of Pulse Spectrum Between Survivors and Non-survivors During Progressive Hemorrhage in Rats

“…It has been reported from previous work that all harmonics are shifting towards a new equilibrium in rats during the recovery stage of acute hemorrhage. It has also been demonstrated that the 2nd and 3rd harmonics which are related to the Kidney and Spleen respectively, showed significant increases (Chang et al, 2006). When these regulating mechanisms fail to function or external damage is persistent, the entire system will disintegrate and it will possibly cause death.…”