The study of emoji linguistic behaviour: an examination of the theses raised (and not raised) in the academic literature

Abstract

This bibliographic review of academic research on emoji reveals how the bulk of studies accepts it as a language but do not develop detailed linguistic analysis that could support this claim: they accept the clues provided by the initial studies, as if the scientific community had already reached such a consensus. However, the truth is that the fields in which emoji have generated the greatest academic interest (computer science, psychology and cognitive science) have considered the study of their linguistic nature a minor issue. Therefore, research on emoji has been growing over the years, widening the scope of its contributions, but with a common core made up of few basic notions about its linguistic condition that has important blind spots, in which Linguistics hasn’t done (generally) its work to place it in this new context for communication that the digital environments represent, despite the supports provided by multimodality and visual language theory. From these two disciplines, some authors have boldly suggested the emoji’s status as a gesture. However, to analyse its linguistic nature and behaviour, it is more accurate to understand the emoji, not as a gesture, but as a simplified representation of a gesture, without the unique features that a personal gesture has. The emoji seems to be the tool that, with fewer resources, best ensures that the interlocutor can understand the intentionality with which the sender has written the message.

Using and Understanding of Semiotic Elements in Online Media

“…These typical achievements depend on the contextual nature they create and the meaning potential they present. We need an answer as to why the linguistic nature and behaviour of emoji have not been studied more, analyzing, for example, how far it is possible to stretch the theory on the linguistic condition of emoji, given its morphological and syntactic simplicity (Ferrari, E. 2023). From the data used to analyze the role and function of pictographic images, it is thought that their use in communication reflects the interaction they have with words in a written text.…”