The study ofH. pyloriputative candidate factors for single- and multi-component vaccine development

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori has grown to colonize inside the stomach of nearly half of the world's population, turning into the most prevalent infections in the universe. Medical care failures noticeably confirm the need for a vaccine to hinder or deal with H. pylori. This review is planned to discuss the most known factors as a vaccine candidate, including single (AhpC, BG, CagA, KatA, Fla, Hsp, HWC, Lpp, LPS, NAP, OMP, OMV, SOD, Tpx, Urease, VacA) and multi-component vaccines. Many promising results in the field of single and multivalent vaccine can be seen, but there is no satisfactory outcome and neither a prophylactic nor a therapeutic vaccine to treat or eradicate the infection in human has been acquired. Hence, selecting suitable antigen is an important factor as an appropriate adjuvant. Taken all together, the development of efficient anti-H. pylori vaccines relies on the fully understanding of the interactions between H. pylori and its host immune system. Therefore, more work should be done on epitope mapping, analysis of molecular structure, and determination of the antigen determinant region as well due to design a vaccine, preferably a multi-component vaccine to elicit specific CD4 T-cell responses that are required for H. pylori vaccine efficacy.

Molecular Assessment of Resistance to Clarithromycin in Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Patients with Dyspepsia by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization in the Center of Iran

“…Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common pathogenic bacterium worldwide including Iran. It is claimed to cause persistent gastrointestinal infection by colonization in the human gastric mucosa [1,2]. In the case of untreated and prolonged infection, H. pylori can cause peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and chronic gastritis (CG).…”

Outer Membrane Vesicles of Helicobacter pylori 7.13 as Adjuvants Promote Protective Efficacy Against Helicobacter pylori Infection

“…CT, LT, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CPG motif (CPG-ODN) have been proven efficient as adjuvants. Aluminum hydroxides (Alum) are the most common adjuvants utilized against H. pylori in studies, however their enhancement of cell immunity was insufficient (Eisenbarth et al, 2008;Mirzaei et al, 2017). In addition, novel potential adjuvant candidates have been explored, including chitosan and glycoprotein G (gG) from alpha herpes viruses (Gong et al, 2015;Walduck et al, 2015).…”

Therapeutic Protection Against H. pylori Infection in Mongolian Gerbils by Oral Immunization With a Tetravalent Epitope-Based Vaccine With Polysaccharide Adjuvant

“…Urease, an important virulence factor and colonization factor for H. pylori , is the first H. pylori antigen that draw scientist's attention (5). Many studies have showed that urease might be a promising antigen for H. pylori vaccine (26, 27).…”

“…Urease (Ure) is considered to be an excellent candidate antigen for therapeutic vaccine against H. pylori (5). Several therapeutic subunit vaccines against urease have been developed, but no major breakthrough has been achieved (6, 7).…”