“…A similar trend of negatively conceptualizing migration in discourse has been observed in sociolinguistic research in the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics (Gibbs, 1992;Lakoff, 1993;Lakoff & Johnson, 1980;Lakoff & Turner, 1989) and critical metaphor analysis (CMA; Charteris-Black, 2006;Hart, 2011;Musolff, 2011Musolff, , 2012Musolff, , 2015O'Brien, 2003;Santa Ana, 2002). Both U.S. and European scholars discuss and demonstrate how negative representation of migration is realized through the use of metaphor, and what kind of social and political consequences it might lead to.…”