“…In addition to CBB G250, other dye molecules were also used to explore the ion sieving mechanism of GO membranes, including negatively charged Congo red (CR, M w = 696.66, size: 28.9 × 10.5 × 5.5 Å), acid fuchsin (AF, M w = 585.55, size: 14.7 × 13.8 × 8.7 Å), and methyl orange (MO, M w = 327.35, size: 17.8 × 7.3 × 6.6 Å) and positively charged rhodamine B (RB, M w = 479.02, size: 17.5 × 14.9 × 7.9 Å) and methylene blue (MLB, M w = 373.90, size: 17.4 × 8.2 × 4.3 Å). − They were dissolved in deionized water to form a 10 mg L –1 solution. For the negatively charged dyes (CBB G250, CR, AF, and MO), the retention rate is closely related to the M w (i.e., size) of dyes with a molecular weight cutoff of 600–700 Da (Figure c); the larger the M w , the higher the retention rate, and vice versa .…”