The study of RDX impurity and wax effects on the thermal decomposition kinetics of HMX explosive using DSC/TG and accelerated aging methods

Kinetic Analysis of Overlapping Multistep Thermal Decomposition of 2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105)

“…To obtain more insight into the mechanism of the two decomposition reaction steps, the plots of the f i (α i ) functions determined through the combined kinetic analysis for the two exothermic processes and the curves of several selected theoretical kinetic models listed in Table S1 were compared, as presented in Figure . It was observed that the resulting kinetic model determined for the first step was in good agreement with the Avrami–Erofeev (A3) reaction model, which was used to describe the thermal decomposition reaction of energetic materials, such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate, ammonium perchlorate, and HMX. − Although the experimental master plot of the second reaction did not perfectly conform to any simple theoretical kinetic model, it also had a typical degradation trend of random nucleation and growth mechanism. Because the theoretical models were proposed under certain assumptions with ideal conditions, the derivations of the experimental master plots from the ideal models could be understood.…”

“…The DSC curve indicated that the thermal decomposition of LLM-105 was a partially overlapping two-step exothermic process, accompanied by a two-step mass–loss process, which could be clearly observed from the DTG curve. In the final stage of the second reaction step, the DSC curve drastically dropped to the baseline, which has been rarely observed in the DSC curves of other commonly used energetic materials, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, HMX, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, and 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene. − This abnormal asymmetry of the second reaction process might be caused by the sudden ceasure of this decomposition step following its maximum being reached. The consecutive mass–loss curve demonstrated that approximately 80% of the sample was converted to gaseous products during the exothermic process under these experimental conditions, as demonstrated by the mass loss in the TG curve.…”

The Effect of HMX Impurity and Irganox Antioxidant on Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of RDX by TG/DSC Non‐Isothermal Method

“…HMX is one of the highly energetic materials widely used for various applications like high explosive compositions, as an energetic additive in the most advanced gun and rocket solid propellants and also for perforation in oil well industries [9]. RDX and HMX are both very chemically stable product compounds resistant to hydrolysis and other degradation reactions that can withstand the harsh conditions of nitrolysis [6].…”

Thermal Property Enhancement of Paraffin-Wax-Based Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene Binder with a Novel NanoSiO2-Expanded Graphite-PW Ternary Form-Stable Phase Change Material

“…As is known, PW has been widely used as fuel and desensitizer in hybrid propulsion and polymer-bonded explosives (PBX), owing to the high burning rate, low cost, and superior desensitization effect. − In addition, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was preferred to be fuel or binders since it could provide easy availability, desirable manufacture, and polymeric properties required by hybrid propulsion and PBX. − Sinha et al investigated the ablation rate and thermal and mechanical properties of HTPB blended with different percentages of paraffin. Nevertheless, there is much difference in molecular weight and polarity between HTPB and PW, resulting in weak compatibility between the two phases .…”