The aim of the study is to develop a technique for machine recognition of the shapes and sizes of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of erythrocytes of patients with cervical cancer (CC) obtained on a SEM during radiation therapy (RT). The article considers the study of the morphology of erythrocytes of patients with CC who were underwent RT using machine image recognition methods based on images of erythrocytes obtained by SEM. It is shown that the use of this method already at the beginning of RT allows us to observe significant changes in the morphology of red blood cells of patients with cervical cancer, while the use the method of JMicroVision v1.2.7 states a slight difference of the diameters of red blood cells in the normal and pathological on the basis of the same experimental data. This paper presents for the first time a method for studying the morphology of erythrocytes in patients with cancer based on SEM images of erythrocytes. The presented automated program can recognize erythrocytes, calculate their number, diameters, areas, taking into account changes in morphology both in normal and pathological conditions, can work with a large amount of data with a significant acceleration of the calculation of parameters and with a greater approximation of these data to real ones, which significantly increases the efficiency of analysis in research, in the diagnosis and monitoring of therapy for CC and other types of diseases. In addition, these developments can help to increase the scope of scanning electron microscopes for solving a wide range of problems in medicine related to images in the field of diagnosticsmedical introscopy.