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Introduction. Reducing the distance of throwing soil into the zone around bushes and maintaining a leveled surface between rows of berry crops are urgent scientific problems. Aim of the Article. To identify the basic parameters for the interaction of a spherical disk with waterlogged soil and on this basis to develop the technical solution for reducing the distance of soil throwing away in space between rows of berry crops. Materials and Methods. The object of research is an orchard disc harrow equipped with a protective shield mounted in front of the outermost disc of the tool front panel. The subject of the research is the process of interaction of the end disc of the front harrow plate with the waterlogged soil in berry plantations. The length of the protective shield and its spatial orientation were chosen as optimization parameters for field experiments. The quality evaluation of intertillage of the berry plantations was carried out by profiling their surfaces. Results. Based on the results of theoretical studies, it was found that the angle of inclination of the protective shield in the horizontal plane should be within 53–54°, and with respect to the movement of the harrow – 50–58°. The results of field experiments have confirmed the theoretical conclusions. It has been established that only a protective shield, the length of which is 450 mm and the installation angle of 50°, allows completely eliminating the side throw of the soil beyond the width of the tool. In addition, these parameters ensure the stable operation of the disc tool in almost any soil moisture and weed infestation of space between berry bushes. Discussion and Conclusion. The use of a modernized tillage tool made it possible to exclude the soil throwing into the bush zone to increase the speed of the unit by 25%.
Introduction. Reducing the distance of throwing soil into the zone around bushes and maintaining a leveled surface between rows of berry crops are urgent scientific problems. Aim of the Article. To identify the basic parameters for the interaction of a spherical disk with waterlogged soil and on this basis to develop the technical solution for reducing the distance of soil throwing away in space between rows of berry crops. Materials and Methods. The object of research is an orchard disc harrow equipped with a protective shield mounted in front of the outermost disc of the tool front panel. The subject of the research is the process of interaction of the end disc of the front harrow plate with the waterlogged soil in berry plantations. The length of the protective shield and its spatial orientation were chosen as optimization parameters for field experiments. The quality evaluation of intertillage of the berry plantations was carried out by profiling their surfaces. Results. Based on the results of theoretical studies, it was found that the angle of inclination of the protective shield in the horizontal plane should be within 53–54°, and with respect to the movement of the harrow – 50–58°. The results of field experiments have confirmed the theoretical conclusions. It has been established that only a protective shield, the length of which is 450 mm and the installation angle of 50°, allows completely eliminating the side throw of the soil beyond the width of the tool. In addition, these parameters ensure the stable operation of the disc tool in almost any soil moisture and weed infestation of space between berry bushes. Discussion and Conclusion. The use of a modernized tillage tool made it possible to exclude the soil throwing into the bush zone to increase the speed of the unit by 25%.
The paper provides an overview of studies of the working processes of disk working bodies of technological machines that provide soil cultivation at different stages of agriculture and forestry. The used designs of forest disk tillage implement have significant disadvantages, namely, insufficient depth of the disks, which results in soil cultivation of insufficient quality, as well as high dynamic loads when encountering various obstacles, which reduce the resource of the unit. The objective of the presented research is to improve the working processes of forestry disc plows by analyzing the properties of hydraulically driven cut-out discs in order to increase their efficiency. A mathematical model of a disk working body with hydraulically driven rear discs with cutouts for strip tillage in forest, root-saturated conditions has been developed. The maximum pressure values of the working fluid in the hydraulic system have been identified. When the angle of attack of the spherical disks changes from 0 to 300, the pressure of the working fluid decreases by 23%. With a further increase in the angle of attack to 450, the pressure of the working fluid increases by 15%, which indicates a nonlinear dependence of these parameters. The maximum traction resistance increases when the angle of attack of the spherical disk changes from 0 to 300 and increases by 29%, and after changing the angle of attack to 450 it increases by 11%. Using the derived formulas, it is possible to approximately determine the kinematic and dynamic parameters of disk working bodies that have cutouts on the cutting surface of the disk.
The paper presents an overview of research on the working processes of disk working bodies of technological machines. It has been established that the existing designs of forest plows designed for processing forest soil in uncorrected cuttings have disadvantages, consisting in insufficient depth of the rear discs and the use of a ballast box, as well as high dynamic loads when encountering obstacles. The aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of working processes of forest disk plows by substantiating the parameters of safety devices of disk working bodies when working in cuttings.
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