The present paper provided not only a deep insight of network structures of borosilicate glasses but also a basic linkage between the network structures and the viscous flow behaviors of many borosilicate melts. The structures of a ternary system of CaO-SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 were characterized using Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), Raman, and magic angular spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results of FTIR and Raman spectra complementally verified that the main Si-related units were SiO 4 tetrahedral with zero, one, two, and three bridging oxygens [Q 0 (Si), Q 1 (Si), Q 2 (Si), and Q 3 (Si)]; the added B 2 O 3 leaded to an increase of Q 3 (Si) at the cost of Q 0 (Si) and Q 2 (Si), and therefore an increasing degree of polymerization (DOP) was induced. Additionally, the 11 B NMR spectra demonstrated that the dominant B-related groups were BO 3 trigonal and BO 4 tetrahedral, while an increasing B 2 O 3 content facilitated the existence of BO 4 tetrahedral. Moreover, there was a competitive effect between the enhanced DOP and the presence of BO 3 trigonal and BO 4 tetrahedral in the networks, which therefore resulted in a decreasing viscosity of borosilicate melts in numerous studies.Borosilicate-based glasses and melts are important materials because of their wide applications in glass industry. [1][2][3][4] and metallurgical industry. [5][6][7][8][9] The macroscopic properties of these glasses and melts are primarily determined by the microscopic structure; thus it is of crucial importance to acquire the structural environments of boron (B) and silicon (Si) including the role and coordination conditions. Meanwhile, numerous studies [5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] explored the viscous flow behavior and analyzed the variation trend of the viscosities of B 2 O 3 -bearing melts. The foregoing investigations on the structures and viscosities of borosilicate glasses and melts could be categorized into three types.First, many researchers [6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] measured the viscosity of borosilicate melts and discovered that the viscosity remarkably or slightly decreased with increasing B 2 O 3 content depending on the melt components, while the discussion on the varying viscosity was focused on the overall nature of B 2 O 3 with a low-melting point. Second, recently several studies [5,7,17] investigated the viscosities of boron-bearing melts from the prospect of qualitative analysis of the melt structures using Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra. Third, because of the crucial importance of borosilicate glasses, many studies have explored the structures of borosilicate glasses [1][2][3][4] and substantial knowledge has been obtained.As for the Si-related structures, there were five structural units of SiO 4 tetrahedral, [18][19][20][21] which could be denoted as Q i (Si) (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4), where i represents the number of bridging oxygens (BO). The mole fraction of these structural units could be derived based on the deconvolutions of the Raman or magic angular...