“…The concept of naturalness reflects the degree of degradation of the natural state of the ecosystem and consists in comparing the current and natural states. Assessing naturalness or habitat degradation is one of the most important challenges of conservation biology (Erdős et al, 2017(Erdős et al, , 2018 because it helps in the designation of protected areas (Moravčík et al, 2010), supports management activities (Goncharenko, Yatsenko, 2020;Lykholat et al, 2021), and facilitates effective monitoring of restoration projects (Sengl et al, 2017;Yao et al, 2019;Côté et al, 2021). The naturalness is inversely related to degradation: the more degraded the habitat, the lower its naturalness (Winter, 2012).…”