“…However, scholars of argument have recognized the need to expand the field to include visual argument (Blair, 1996;Birdsell and Groarke, 1996;Lake and Pickering, 1998) and, more recently, multimodal arguments (Andrews, 2010;Coffin, 2009;Whithaus, 2012). Although there is growing literature in multimodal argumentation, Kjeldsen (2015) observes that '[i]n general, the attitude is that argumentation is closely related to the explicit use of words and therefore [non-verbal argumentation] cannot be argumentation in any proper sense' (Kjeldsen, 2015: 121). In order to render the study of argument relevant to contemporary practices, there is a need to explore the ways in which argument works within and across modes.…”