The Study of Women in Gothenburg 1968–1969 —A Population Study

Bengtsson, Calle; Blohmé, G; Hallberg, Leif; Hällström, Tore; Isaksson, B; Korsan-Bengtsen, K; Rybo, Göran; Tibblin, Elisabeth; Tibblin, Gösta; Westerberg, Hans

doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1973.tb10583.x

Cited by 290 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The study sample has been described in detail (Simoni et al, 2008), and was derived from the Prospective Population Study of Women (Bengtsson et al, 1973) and the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies (Skoog, 2004) in Gothenburg, Sweden. The participants were obtained from the Swedish Population Register on the basis of their birth date and were born in 1908, 1914, 1918, 1922, and 1930.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Lobe Atrophy and White Matter Lesions are Related to Major Depression over 5 years in the Elderly

Olesen

Gustafson

Simoni

et al. 2010

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The influence of organic brain changes on the development of depression in the elderly is uncertain. Cross-sectional studies, most often from clinical samples, report associations with brain atrophy and cerebrovascular disease, while longitudinal population studies have given mixed results. Our aim was to investigate whether cortical atrophy and white matter lesions (WMLs) on computed tomography (CT) predict occurrence of depression in the elderly. This is a prospective population-based study with 5-year follow-up. The baseline sample included 525 elderly subjects, aged 70-86 years, without dementia or major depression, with a score on the Mini-Mental State Examination above 25, and without dementia at follow-up. Cortical atrophy and WMLs were evaluated at baseline using CT. The main outcome measure was development of major or minor depression at follow-up according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, as evaluated using neuropsychiatric examinations and hospital discharge registers. Logistic regression was used to estimate risk. Over the period of 5 years, 20 individuals developed major and 63 minor depression. Presence of temporal lobe atrophy (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 2.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-7.62) and moderate-to-severe WMLs (OR ¼ 3.21, 95% CI 1.00-10.26) independently predicted major, but not minor, depression after controlling for various confounders. Other brain changes did not predict occurrence of depression. Our findings suggest that temporal lobe atrophy and WMLs represent relatively independent and complementary pathways to major depression in the elderly. This may have implications for prevention, as both neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease have been related to preventable factors.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Lobe Atrophy and White Matter Lesions are Related to Major Depression over 5 years in the Elderly

Olesen

Gustafson

Simoni

et al. 2010

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…This study is part of the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, [25][26][27] which was initiated in 1968 -1969 with an examination of 1462 women (participation rate: 90%) born in 1908, 1914, 1918, 1922, and 1930. The population was sampled from the Swedish Population Register and was representative of women in Gothenburg at the ages studied.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure Components and Changes in Relation to White Matter Lesions

Guo

Pantoni²,

Simoni³

et al. 2009

Hypertension

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Abstract-This study aimed to examine the long-term effect of high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure) on white matter lesions and to study changes in different blood pressure components in relation to white matter lesions. A representative population of women was examined in 1968 and re-examined in 1974, 1980, 1992, and 2000. The presence and severity of white matter lesions on computed tomography were rated by a visual rating scale in 1992 and 2000 in 539 women. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured at all of the examinations. We found that presence and severity of white matter lesions in 1992/2000 were associated with higher diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure at each examination but not with systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. Odds ratios (95% CIs) for the presence of white matter lesions per 10-mm Hg increase in diastolic pressure were 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9) in 1968, 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) in 1974, 1.4 (1.1 to 1.9) in 1980, and 1.3 (1.0 to 1.6) in 1992 after adjustment for confounders. The presence of white matter lesions was also associated with a 24-year increase in diastolic pressure (Ͼ10 mm Hg), systolic pressure (Ͼ40 mm Hg), pulse pressure (Ͼ24 Key Words: blood pressure Ⅲ white matter lesions Ⅲ longitudinal study C erebral white matter lesions (WMLs) are common findings on computed tomography (CT) and MRI in the elderly. 1,2 Individuals with WMLs are at increased risk for dementia, 1,3 depression, 4 stroke, 5,6 and gait disorders. 7 On histopathology, WMLs on CT represent ischemic demyelination with arteriolosclerosis, hyalinosis, and narrowing of the lumen of the small penetrating arteries in the white matter. 8 Cerebral ischemia and microangiopathy are suggested as the main causes of WMLs, 9 and hypertension is a widely reported risk factor for these lesions. 10 Higher blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of WMLs in cross-sectional studies 11,12 and in 1 short-term longitudinal study. 13 However, long-term longitudinal studies on blood pressure and WMLs are few. Two such studies, 1 with 20-year follow-up in a general population 14 and 1 with 25-year follow-up in a male population, 15 reported an association between higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and WMLs on MRI. An increase and decrease in DBP, as well as an increase in SBP, have also been related to higher risks of WMLs on MRI. 14,16 Other than SBP and DBP, blood pressure is also characterized by its steady and pulsatile components. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a steady component reflecting cardiac output and vascular resistance, as well as elasticity averaged over time 17,18 ; and pulse pressure (PP) is a pulsatile component mainly reflecting large artery stiffness and wave reflections. 18 Earlier epidemiological studies have reported that PP and MAP are predictors of cardiovascular disease and stroke. 17,19,20 However, it is not known how these components affect the risk of WMLs ...

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“…The studies included the H85 studies, the NORA (Nordic Research on Ageing) Studies, the Prospective Population Study of Women, and the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies (H70) in Gothenburg, Sweden. These samples have been described in detail previously [12][13][14][15][16][17] and were examined with identical methods by the same research team.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus

Jaraj¹,

Rabiei²,

Marlow³

et al. 2014

Neurology

342

219

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in elderly persons in a large population-based sample using radiologic and clinical examinations. Methods:We examined representative elderly populations aged 70 years and older that had undergone neuropsychiatric evaluations and CT of the brain between 1986 and 2000 (n 5 1,238). Gait was evaluated by clinical examination and history of walking difficulty. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination and urinary incontinence by selfreport. iNPH was diagnosed in concordance with the American-European iNPH guidelines. Exclusion criteria were history of meningitis, severe head trauma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.Results: The prevalence of probable iNPH was 0.2% in those aged 70-79 years (n 5 2) and 5.9%(n 5 24) in those aged 80 years and older, with no difference between men and women. Only 2 of these persons had been treated for iNPH. Hydrocephalic ventricular enlargement, i.e., a CT image consistent with NPH, was found in 56 persons (4.5%). An Evans Index .0.3 was found in 256 (20.7%) and occluded sulci at the high convexity in 67 persons (5.4%). All of these findings were more common in the older age groups. The number of elderly and people with dementia is increasing in most parts of the world.1 It is therefore important to learn more about the prevalence of treatable causes of dementia. Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a treatable neurologic disorder first described by Salomón Hakim in 1965.2 iNPH is characterized by gait and balance impairment, cognitive deterioration, and urinary incontinence, and radiologically by a communicating ventricular enlargement.3 Treatment by diversion of CSF to the peritoneal cavity or heart is successful in reversing symptoms in more than 80% of the patients. 4 iNPH is thus one of the few causes of reversible dementia, but it is still underdiagnosed. 5,6 The prevalence of iNPH in selected populations and in community-based studies on young elderly varies between 0.1% and 2.9%.5,7-10 However, few large population-based studies have investigated the prevalence of iNPH, and most included few persons older than 80 years. Thus, the prevalence still has to be examined in population-based studies including many persons older than 80 years.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of iNPH by examining CT images of the brain and clinical signs of iNPH in a large representative elderly population.METHODS Study population. Between 1986 and 2000, studies on representative elderly populations in Gothenburg, Sweden, were conducted using identical examinations (including neuropsychiatric examinations and key informant interviews) at each

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The Study of Women in Gothenburg 1968–1969 —A Population Study

Cited by 290 publications

References 8 publications

Temporal Lobe Atrophy and White Matter Lesions are Related to Major Depression over 5 years in the Elderly

Temporal Lobe Atrophy and White Matter Lesions are Related to Major Depression over 5 years in the Elderly

Blood Pressure Components and Changes in Relation to White Matter Lesions

Prevalence of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus

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