The study on the efficiency of a photovoltaic cell with a system of supercapacitors and batteries

Abstract

The main aim of this work is to propose a new system of a hybrid photovoltaic system working with batteries and supercapacitors and to analyze its efficiency. The preliminary results of the study on the operation of the system are discussed. The results obtained while testing the operation of a hybrid system and a PV system working separately with batteries and supercapacitors are compiled and compared. The tests covered the systems efficiency for the following electrical loads: heater warming up water in a tank, and lighting - a LED light. The work of batteries and supercapacitors during discharge has been analysed. The use of a hybrid system made it possible to increase energy storage efficiency and the system operation flexibility, compared to solar systems offered by the sector.

Impact of selected thermal and flow parameters on flow boiling heat transfer in a minichannel

“…The side in contact with the fluid was observed through a glass panel. Type K thermocouples and pressure meters (8) were mounted at the minichannel inlet and outlet. During the experimental series, electric power supplied to the heated plate was gradually increased, as was the heat flux transferred to the fluid in the minichannel, thus initiating nucleate boiling and enhancing heat transfer.…”

“…The Kielce University of Technology has conducted a series of studies of flow boiling heat transfer with different refrigerants [4][5][6] flowing along minichannels with enhanced heated plates [4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] at various orientations [4,15,16]. The use of enhanced surfaces produced in thermal processes is known to intensify the heat transfer process as shown in [7,[17][18][19][20][21] Such surfaces are applied also in pool boiling heat transfer [22][23][24][25][26].…”