The sub-Antarctic islands are increasingly warming in the 21st century

Nel, Werner; Hedding, David William; Rudolph, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1017/s0954102023000056

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Firstly, spectrograms were evaluated at a maximum frequency of 15 kHz in 2 min timeframes to identify acoustic files with calls, and secondly at 15 where the duration of sampling session is 14 min. Clicks within click trains and buzzes were considered as one bout of clicks and not counted to individual click level due to difficulty in manually counting and differentiating very closely spaced clicks that can range from hundreds to thousands of clicks within a minute [36,45].…”

Section: Acoustic Occurrence Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nearest land mass, the Crozet Achipelago, is 950 km due east on a similar latitude to the PEIs. The sub-Antarctic region, including the PEIs, is threatened by the rapid rise in temperatures and subsequent climate variability [ 14 , 15 ]. Environmental conditions around the PEIs are dynamic as this archipelago is situated in the direct pathway of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Killer whale acoustic patterns respond to prey abundance and environmental variability around the Prince Edward Islands, Southern Ocean

Shabangu,

Daniels,

Jordaan

et al. 2024

R. Soc. open sci.

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Killer whales are apex predators with temporally and spatially varying distributions throughout the world's oceans. Their ecology and behaviour are poorly understood in most regions due to limited research, often because of logistical challenges. Here, we used a passive acoustic monitoring device to investigate the seasonal acoustic occurrence and diel vocalizing behaviour of killer whales around the remote sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEIs), Southern Ocean. Killer whales showed diel vocalizing patterns that varied seasonally in relation to their prey abundance and social activities. Killer whale calls were intermittently detected year-round with a high number of hours containing calls in October to December, and a secondary peak in February to May, corresponding to seal prey abundance. Random forest modelling identified wind speed as the primary predictor of the occurrence of killer whale calls (with a negative correlation) while sea surface height, chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature were moderately important. We provide the first acoustic evidence that killer whale occurrence around the PEIs might coincide with variability in environmental conditions and prey abundance. Our results provide the first indication of diel vocalizing pattern of killer whales in the Southern Ocean. This knowledge is important for understanding killer whale ecology and adaptation to the changing oceans.

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Section: Acoustic Occurrence Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Killer whale acoustic patterns respond to prey abundance and environmental variability around the Prince Edward Islands, Southern Ocean

Shabangu,

Daniels,

Jordaan

et al. 2024

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…Atmospheric temperature records have clearly indicated a long-term warming trend in the Southern Ocean over the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first centuries 1 – 6 , including the French sub-Antarctic islands such as the Crozet archipelago. At Crozet, air temperature increase has been estimated to be +1.2 °C/100 years 5 . This global warming is coupled with underlying phenomena, such as significant seawater temperature increase 7 , 8 , ocean acidification 9 , extreme climatic events and pronounced seasonality 10 , 11 .…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

MEDUSA: Marine benthic Ecological Data from Underwater imagery Surveys of sub-Antarctic Crozet environments

Lelièvre,

Motreuil,

Specq

et al. 2024

Sci Data

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Inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list, the sub-Antarctic Crozet archipelago is located in a region facing significant environmental changes impacting a poorly known marine biodiversity. Underwater imagery constitutes a valuable non-invasive approach for gathering ecological data and improving our knowledge of ecosystems’ vulnerability. We here compiled two datasets, encompassing 17 video-imagery surveys of Crozet nearshore environments conducted in 2021 and 2022 at two sites of Ile de la Possession: Baie du Marin and Crique du Sphinx. Faunal abundance and algal cover data related to each survey are also provided. A total of 755 images were analysed, comprising 52 faunal and 14 algal taxa identified in 2021, as well as 45 faunal and 14 algal taxa identified in 2022. Video-transects were performed in shallow waters by scuba divers using a GoPro®HERO7 multiple camera set-up, and in deeper waters using a remotely operated vehicle. These data provide a first baseline for biodiversity and ecosystem studies, and for monitoring the long-term dynamics of Crozet benthic habitats facing natural and anthropogenic disturbances.

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“…These two islands represent the peaks of coalescing shield volcanoes (Rudolph et al., 2021 ), while the landscape is shaped by repeated large‐scale volcanic and glacial events (see Rudolph et al., 2022 ). Due to its location close to the Antarctic Convergence (also known as the Antarctic Polar Front), the PEIA has experienced considerable climatic changes on both geological and near‐contemporary temporal scales (Chown & Froneman, 2008 ; Hodgson et al., 2014 ; Le Roux & McGeoch, 2008 ; McDougall et al., 2001 ; Nel et al., 2020 , 2023 ; Rouault et al., 2005 ; Rudolph et al., 2020 ; Smith, 2002 ). Together, these environmental changes have triggered landscape responses that have, in turn, modified the ecosystems of the islands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of terrain on the fine‐scale genetic diversity of sub‐Antarctic Collembola: A landscape genetics approach

Monsanto,

Hedding,

Durand

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Biodiversity patterns are shaped by the interplay between geodiversity and organismal characteristics. Superimposing genetic structure onto landscape heterogeneity (i.e., landscape genetics) can help to disentangle their interactions and better understand population dynamics. Previous studies on the sub‐Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (located midway between Antarctica and Africa) have highlighted the importance of landscape and climatic barriers in shaping spatial genetic patterns and have drawn attention to the value of these islands as natural laboratories for studying fundamental concepts in biology. Here, we assessed the fine‐scale spatial genetic structure of the springtail, Cryptopygus antarcticus travei, which is endemic to Marion Island, in tandem with high‐resolution geological data. Using a species‐specific suite of microsatellite markers, a fine‐scale sampling design incorporating landscape complexity and generalised linear models (GLMs), we examined genetic patterns overlaid onto high‐resolution digital surface models and surface geology data across two 1‐km sampling transects. The GLMs revealed that genetic patterns across the landscape closely track landscape resistance data in concert with landscape discontinuities and barriers to gene flow identified at a scale of a few metres. These results show that the island's geodiversity plays an important role in shaping biodiversity patterns and intraspecific genetic diversity. This study illustrates that fine‐scale genetic patterns in soil arthropods are markedly more structured than anticipated, given that previous studies have reported high levels of genetic diversity and evidence of genetic structing linked to landscape changes for springtail species and considering the homogeneity of the vegetation complexes characteristic of the island at the scale of tens to hundreds of metres. By incorporating fine‐scale and high‐resolution landscape features into our study, we were able to explain much of the observed spatial genetic patterns. Our study highlights geodiversity as a driver of spatial complexity. More widely, it holds important implications for the conservation and management of the sub‐Antarctic islands.

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The sub-Antarctic islands are increasingly warming in the 21st century

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Killer whale acoustic patterns respond to prey abundance and environmental variability around the Prince Edward Islands, Southern Ocean

Killer whale acoustic patterns respond to prey abundance and environmental variability around the Prince Edward Islands, Southern Ocean

MEDUSA: Marine benthic Ecological Data from Underwater imagery Surveys of sub-Antarctic Crozet environments

The effect of terrain on the fine‐scale genetic diversity of sub‐Antarctic Collembola: A landscape genetics approach

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