The Subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea, Argasidae, Argas) 13. Histological studies on A. (P.) arboreus Kaiser, Hoogstraal &amp; Kohls1

Guirgis, Samir S.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/8.6.648

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Our results differ from those of Guirgis (1971) or Balashov (1972) in showing that posterior diverticula are able to perform important digestive functions and not only to serve as a storage organ. We agree with the conclusions of Khalil (1971), that the rapid phase of digestion involves rather anterior, and the slow phase rather posterior midgut cells.…”

Section: Homogeneity Of Midgut Diverticulacontrasting

confidence: 99%

Blood digestion In Ormthodorus moubata murray Sensu stricto walton females (Ixodoidea : Argasidae)

Grandjean

1983

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp.

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SUMMARY.The cellular organisation of midgut cells (see Grandjean, in press) depends on the digestive cycle which follows a bloodmeal. The phases of this cycle are characterised in O. moubata, and various " cell-types" are described, correlated and discussed. Mating triggers digestion : a) by an increased intracellular digestion µncluding the formation of heterophagolysosomes) during the rapid phase of digestion ; b) by reactivating midgut cells in starving females, which then may perform vitellogenesis and lay few normal eggs. La digestion du sang chez les femelles d'Ornithodorus moubata O. GRANDJEAN1 -In trod uction Digestive cycle after ingestion of a bloodmealThe blood taken up by 0. moubata is made available for the tick body mass and energy requirements by intracellular digestion (Grandjean, in press). This type of digestion is phylogenetically prim itive, but well adapted to the a b ility of the ticks to survive over prolonged periods : the food reserves of the midgut lumen may be mobilised at a very low rate in a fasting tick. Due to the intracellular type of digestion, the midgut cells have to perform diversified functions which have to be coordinated between the single cells.Sequential modifications of midgut cells are studied in relation w ith the digestive cycle. The latter is analysed mainly in mated females ; but virgin females were also considered in order to investigate the action of mating on digestion.Midgut cells of males were also investigated to a lesser extent. No fundamental differences were found, as compared to those of females. Action of matingIn adult females, energy and nutrient reserves provided by digestion of bloodmeals allow vitellogenesis and egglaying. Except in rare cases of parthenogenesis, mating is an absolute necessity for normal egglayings (Aeschlimann and Grandjean, 1973a).Yet it is possible to induce vitellogenesis and egglaying in unfed females by delayed mating (without previous bloodmeal) or by injections of male gonad homo genates (Aeschlimann and Grandjean, 1973a ; Germond and Aeschlimann, 1977 ; Ducommun, in prep.). The process of vitellogenesis following mating is dependent on an increased mobilisation of food reserves, which means an activation of digestive functions of the midgut epithelium. The triggering action on midgut cells may be demonstrated both for mating occuring at feeding time and for delayed mating in starving ticks. -Materials and Methods Tick material0. moubata sensu stricto females, originally from Tanzania (Ulanga D istrict) and bred according to Geigy and Herbig (1955), were fed on guinea-pigs, either in presence or in absence of males, and taken at various intervals after bloodmeal for gravimetric, histological or cytological investigations.Other virgin females were fed and fasted during 110 days before males were added to half of them for delayed mating. MethodsHistology (H) : Tissue pieces fixed and embedded as for transmission electron microscopy were cut into sections of 1 µm thickness and stained w ith toluidine blue (1 %, 6 parts + sodi...

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Section: Homogeneity Of Midgut Diverticulacontrasting

confidence: 99%

Blood digestion In Ormthodorus moubata murray Sensu stricto walton females (Ixodoidea : Argasidae)

Grandjean

1983

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp.

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“…Guanine is found in appreciable amounts within the excreta of other scorpions (Haggag and Fouad 1965), amblypygids, uropygids and solifugids (Rao and Gopalkrishnareddy 1962). It is biosynthesised in ticks (Bassal 1977; Hamdy and Sidrak 1982) forming in their Malpighian tubules (Guirgis 1971; Hamdy 1972) and excreted in large quantities (Kitaoka 1961). Visually such accumulates are white, and appear refractive under transmitted light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Malpighian tubule crystals within the predatory soil mite Pergamasus longicornis (Mesostigmata: Parasitidae)

Bowman

2017

Exp Appl Acarol

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The occurrence of refractive crystals (aka guanine) is characterised in the Malpighian tubules of the free-living predatory parasitiform soil mite Pergamasus longicornis (Berlese) from a temporal series of histological sections during and after feeding on larval dipteran prey. The tubular system behaves as a single uniform entity during digestion. Malpighian mechanisms are not the ‘concentrative’ mechanism sought for the early stasis in gut size during the second later phase of prey feeding. Nor are Malpighian changes associated with the time of ‘anal dabbing’ during feeding. Peak gut expansion precedes peak Malpighian tubule guanine crystal occurrence in a hysteretic manner. There is no evidence of Malpighian tubule expansion by fluid alone. Crystals are not found during the slow phase of liquidised prey digestion. Malpighian tubules do not appear to be osmoregulatory. Malpighian guanine is only observed 48 h to 10 days after the commencement of feeding. Post digestion guanine crystal levels in the expanded Malpighian tubules are high—peaking as a pulse 5 days after the start of feeding (i.e. after the gut is void of food at 52.5 h). The half-life of guanine elimination from the tubules is 53 h. Evidence for a physiological input cascade is found—the effective half-life of guanine appearance in the Malpighian tubules being 7.8–16.7 h. Crystals are found present at all times in the lumen of the rectal vesicle and not anywhere else lumenally in the gut at all. No guanine was observed inside gut cells. There is no evidence for the storage in the rectal vesicle of a ‘pulse’ of Malpighian excretory products from a discrete ‘pulse’ of prey ingestion. A latent egestive common catabolic phase in the gut is inferred commencing 12.5 h after the start of feeding which may cause the rectal vesicle to expand due to the catabolism of current or previous meals. Malpighian tubules swell as the gut contracts in size over time post-prandially. There is evidence that at a gross level the contents of the rectal vesicle are mechanically voided by the physical mechanism of overall gut expansion altering the effective idiosomal volume available during prey ingestion. A complete cycle of feeding, digestion, egestion and excretion is approximately 9 days. Hunger/starvation likely commences at 10 days after the start of feeding. Up to 15 days may be needed to completely clear the idiosoma of excretory material. Nomograms for predicting the likely feeding time of mites from observations of idiosomal guanine in field samples indicate that as few as 5–6 mites scoring positive for Malpighian tubule guanine out of 20 infers a high probability that the typical time from start of feeding in a population sample was about 6 days (range 3–8 days) ago.

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“…There is a large corpus of descriptive anatomical work on blood feeding ticks, started by Heller (1858) and Pagenstecher (1861) and pursued by workers such as: Allen (1905), Nordenskiöld (1905Nordenskiöld ( , 1906Nordenskiöld ( , 1908Nordenskiöld ( , 1909Nordenskiöld ( , 1911, Williams (1905), Bonnet (1906Bonnet ( , 1907Bonnet ( , 1908, Christophers (1906), Samson (1909), Blanc (1910), Davidson (1913-1914), True (1932), Müller (1939), Stella (1942), Douglas (1943), Hughes (1954b), Schulze (1943), Balashov (1957aBalashov ( , b, 1988, Ohara and Homma (1959), Saito (1897), Roshdy (1961aRoshdy ( , 1962Roshdy ( , 1963, Chinery (1964), Tatchell (1964), Arthur (1965), Roshdy (1966), Efremova (1967), Aeschlimann and Ryhiner (1970), Sonenshine (1970), Sonenshine and Gregson (1970), Belozerov and Tymopheev (1973), Guirgis (1971), Khalil (1971), Tatchell et al (1973), Balashov and Raikhel (1974…”

Section: Review Of the Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut epithelium from feeding to fasting in the predatory soil mite Pergamasus longicornis (Mesostigmata: Parasitidae): one tissue, two roles

Bowman

2019

Exp Appl Acarol

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A review of acarine gut physiology based on published narratives dispersed over the historical international literature is given. Then, in an experimental study of the free-living predatory soil mite Pergamasus longicornis (Berlese), quantitative micro-anatomical changes in the gut epithelium are critically assessed from a temporal series of histological sections during and after feeding on larval dipteran prey. An argued functional synthesis based upon comparative kinetics is offered for verification in other mesostigmatids. Midand hind-gut epithelia cell types interconvert in a rational way dependent upon the physical consequences of ingestion, absorption and egestion. The fasted transitional pseudostratified epithelium rapidly becomes first squamous on prey ingestion (by stretching), then columnar during digestion before confirmed partial disintegration (gut 'lumenation') during egestion back to a pseudo-stratified state. Exponential processes within the mid-and endodermic hind-gut exhibit 'stiff' dynamics. Cells expand rapidly (t 1∕2 = 22.9-49.5 min) and vacuolate quickly (t 1∕2 = 1.1 h). Cells shrink very slowly (t 1∕2 = 4.9 days) and devacuolate gently (t 1∕2 = 1.0-1.7 days). Egestive cellular degeneration has an initial t 1∕2 = 7.7 h. Digestion appears to be triggered by maximum gut expansion-estimated at 10 min post start of feeding. Synchrony with changes in gut lumen contents suggests common changes in physiological function over time for the cells as a whole tightly-coupled epithelium. Distinct in architecture as a tissue over time the various constituent cell types appear functionally the same. Functional phases are: early fluid transportation (0-1 h) and extracellular activity (10-90 min); through rising food absorption (10 min to > 1 day); to slow intracellular meal processing and degenerative egestive waste material production (1 to > 12 days) much as in ticks. The same epithelium is both absorptive and degenerative in role. The switch in predominant physiology begins 4 h after the start of feeding. Two separate pulses of clavate cells appear to be a mechanism to facilitate transport by increasing epithelial surface area in contact with the lumen. Free-floating cells may augment early extracellular lumenal digestion. Possible evidence for salivary enzyme alkaline-related extra-corporeal digestion was found. Giant mycetome-like cells were found embedded in the mid-gut wall. Anteriorly, the mid-gut behaves like a temporally expendable food processing tissue and minor long-term resistive store. Posteriorly the mid-gut behaves like a major assimilative/ catabolic tissue and 'last-out' food depot (i.e., a 'hepatopancreas' function) allowing the mite to resist starvation for up to 3.5 weeks after a single meal. A 'conveyor-belt' wave Extended author information available on the last page of the article Research Council grant B/77307818 at Liverpool John Moores University. Thanks go to Susan Bjornson (then at University of Alberta, Canada) for advice on invertebrate sporozoans and Don E Johnston (Ohio Sta...

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The Subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea, Argasidae, Argas) 13. Histological studies on A. (P.) arboreus Kaiser, Hoogstraal & Kohls1

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Blood digestion In Ormthodorus moubata murray Sensu stricto walton females (Ixodoidea : Argasidae)

Blood digestion In Ormthodorus moubata murray Sensu stricto walton females (Ixodoidea : Argasidae)

Modelling Malpighian tubule crystals within the predatory soil mite Pergamasus longicornis (Mesostigmata: Parasitidae)

The gut epithelium from feeding to fasting in the predatory soil mite Pergamasus longicornis (Mesostigmata: Parasitidae): one tissue, two roles

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