The substance use profile of Canadian youth: Exploring the prevalence of alcohol, drug and tobacco use by gender and grade

Leatherdale, Scott T.; Burkhalter, Robin

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.10.007

Cited by 86 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…6 Among Canadian youth, 2% of those in Grades 7-12 had used alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis and other drugs in the previous year. 4 In Ontario, the prevalence of such multi-substance use was found to be 5% among this age group. 5 A recent study of adolescents in British Columbia found that male frequent cannabis users (those who had used cannabis 3-9 times in the previous 30 days) were more likely than females to frequently smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12][13] Canadian population-level reports have focused primarily on youth populations and provincial trends. 4,5,7,14 No studies have examined prevalence of a spectrum of tobacco use co-morbidities at the population level in Canada, and not enough is known about the correlates of various co-morbidities among the general population and population subgroups at the national level. While smokers may be engaging in multiple forms of substance use and may be experiencing co-occurring mental health problems, it is likely that tobacco-related disease will be the leading cause of death among this population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 In the last two decades, increased investment in tobacco control strategies across Canada has led to extensive denormalization of tobacco use and decreased prevalence of use. 2 With these changes, a population of persistent smokers may be emerging 3 who may also have high rates of co-use with other substances, particularly alcohol and cannabis, [4][5][6][7] and may be experiencing co-occurring mental health issues. 8 Tobacco use co-morbidities, including co-occurring tobacco use and substance use problems and/or mental health problems, are a serious public health issue that has implications for treatment and policy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of Tobacco Use Co-morbidities in Canada

Kirst

Mecredy

Chaiton

2013

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: Tobacco use co-morbidities, including co-occurring tobacco use, substance use and mental health problems, are a serious public health issue that has implications for treatment and policy. However, not enough is known about the prevalence of various types of tobacco use co-morbidities among the Canadian population. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the extent of this issue through an examination of prevalence and correlates of tobacco use co-morbidities in Canada.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of Tobacco Use Co-morbidities in Canada

Kirst

Mecredy

Chaiton

2013

Can J Public Health

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“…This vulnerability is especially troubling considering that the majority of individuals who begin to experiment with drugs of abuse are under the age of 18 years old (Madras, 2010;Currie and Wild, 2012;Leatherdale and Burkhalter, 2012;SAMHSA, 2012;Swendsen et al, 2012). The risk of lifetime addiction appears to be greatest the earlier drug use commences (Grant and Dawson, 2003;McCabe et al, 2007), suggesting that the detrimental effects of drug exposure in adolescence are intimately linked to ongoing neurodevelopmental processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphetamine in Adolescence Disrupts the Development of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Dopamine Connectivity in a dcc-Dependent Manner

Reynolds

Makowski

Yogendran

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Initiation of drug use during adolescence is a strong predictor of both the incidence and severity of addiction throughout the lifetime. Intriguingly, adolescence is a period of dynamic refinement in the organization of neuronal connectivity, in particular medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dopamine circuitry. The guidance cue receptor, DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer), is highly expressed by dopamine neurons and orchestrates their innervation to the mPFC during adolescence. Furthermore, we have shown that amphetamine in adolescence regulates DCC expression in dopamine neurons. Drugs in adolescence may therefore induce their enduring behavioral effects via DCC-mediated disruption in mPFC dopamine development. In this study, we investigated the impact of repeated exposure to amphetamine during adolescence on both the development of mPFC dopamine connectivity and on salience attribution to drug context in adulthood. We compare these effects to those induced by adult exposure to an identical amphetamine regimen. Finally, we determine whether DCC signaling within dopamine neurons is necessary for these events. Exposure to amphetamine in adolescence, but not in adulthood, leads to an increase in the span of dopamine innervation to the mPFC, but a reduction of presynaptic sites present on these axons. Amphetamine treatment in adolescence, but not in adulthood, also produces an increase in salience attribution to a previously drug-paired context in adulthood. Remarkably, DCC signaling within dopamine neurons is required for both of these effects. Drugs of abuse in adolescence may therefore induce their detrimental behavioral consequences by disrupting mesocortical dopamine development through alterations in the DCC signaling cascade.

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“…Este se inicia en edades tempranas, especialmente en la adolescencia, dado que es el colectivo social más vulnerable a su consumo (Castañeda y Romero, 2014;Leatherdale y Burkhalter, 2012). De hecho, algunos de los principales aspectos que explican la aparición del tabaquismo o el consumo de alcohol de manera anticipada residen en la influencia ejercida por los grupos de pares, las creencias erróneas en torno a sus efectos en el organismo o la permisibilidad del sector parental (Aguilar, Calleja, Aguilar y Valencia, 2015; Villanti, Boulay y Juon, 2011), lo cual, unido al aumento de su oferta, una mayor disponibilidad y su popularidad en eventos sociales (Motos, Cortés, Giménez y Cadaveira, 2015), genera un consumo intenso y esporádico con consecuencias negativas no solo para el entorno académico y laboral, sino para la salud (Cabrejas, Llorca, Gallego, Bueno y Diez, 2014;Conde y Cremonte, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Análisis descriptivo del consumo de sustancias nocivas, adhesión a la dieta Mediterránea y tipo de residencia en estudiantes universitarios de Granada

et al. 2016

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Resumen. La etapa universitaria representa un periodo de riesgo en la configuración de hábitos saludables de cara a la vida adulta, especialmente por el deterioro que sufre el modelo dietético de este sector y el elevado consumo de sustancias dañinas como son las drogas legales. Este estudio pretende determinar el nivel de consumo de tabaco y alcohol, así como el nivel de adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) y el lugar de residencia de un sector de población universitaria, estableciendo patrones de relación entre estas variables. Se evaluaron 490 estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad de Granada (M=22,8 años; DT=3,639), utilizándose los instrumentos FTND, AUDIT y KIDMED. Los resultados determinaron que cuatro quintos de la muestra era no fumadora, mientras que 9 de cada 10 participantes si se asociaban con algún tipo de dependencia hacia el alcohol. En cuanto a su alimentación, tres quintos del total seguían una dieta de calidad media-baja que debería mejorar. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre el consumo de tabaco y alcohol, asociándose prácticamente la totalidad de fumadores a algún tipo de dependencia hacia bebidas alcohólicas. No se determinaron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el consumo de sustancias nocivas, la adhesión a la DM y el lugar de residencia de la muestra. Se justifica el interés de plantear iniciativas que promuevan hábitos físico-saludables entre adultos jóvenes. Palabras clave: Universitarios; alcohol; tabaco; dieta mediterránea; residencia.[en] Descriptive analysis of toxic substance consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and type of residence in university students from Granada Abstract. University years represent a period of risk in the configuration of healthy habits into adulthood, especially due to the deterioration of the dietary pattern of this sector and the high consumption of harmful substances such as legal drugs. This study aims to determine the level of consumption of tobacco and alcohol, as well as the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the place of residence of this sector of population, establishing patterns of relationship between these variables. 490 students (M=22,8 years old, SD=3,639) from the University of Granada were evaluated using the

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The substance use profile of Canadian youth: Exploring the prevalence of alcohol, drug and tobacco use by gender and grade

Cited by 86 publications

References 13 publications

The Prevalence of Tobacco Use Co-morbidities in Canada

The Prevalence of Tobacco Use Co-morbidities in Canada

Amphetamine in Adolescence Disrupts the Development of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Dopamine Connectivity in a dcc-Dependent Manner

Análisis descriptivo del consumo de sustancias nocivas, adhesión a la dieta Mediterránea y tipo de residencia en estudiantes universitarios de Granada

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