The Subtle Balance between Lipolysis and Lipogenesis: A Critical Point in Metabolic Homeostasis

Saponaro, Chiara; Gaggini, Melania; Carli, Fabrizia; Gastaldelli, Amalia

doi:10.3390/nu7115475

Cited by 420 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(219 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

322

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…They studied the effect of 8 weeks of excess energy and lipid intake on adipocyte size and expansion in young healthy men: lean subjects with smaller adipocytes responded with a rapidly and not protective adipocyte remodelling, and despite expansion of subcutaneous fat they developed insulin resistance and released more inflammatory markers while subjects with larger subcutaneous adipocytes had less insulin resistance and visceral fat accumulation, maybe due to reduced expandability of these cells [31]. It is likely that other factors are involved, possibly a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes or in general to ectopic fat deposition [3], [35], [37], [38].…”

Section: When Adipocytes Become Dysfunctionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Excess Lipolysis Causes Muscle Insulin Resistance and β Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FFAs derive from adipose tissue (from TG hydrolysis, Figure 2), hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), or spillover from plasma TG [3]. Excess FFAs accumulate in organs like liver, muscle and pancreas, determining lipotoxicity and impaired insulin signalling [3]. Increased plasma FFA levels are associated with increased lipid synthesis in muscle cells, in particular increased levels of diacylglycerol (DAG), the first step of TG synthesis, ceramides and long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) [39].…”

Section: Excess Lipolysis Causes Muscle Insulin Resistance and β Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been recognized that the major risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases is the distribution of fat accumulation, rather than the total amount of fat [1], [2]. Recent studies have shown that the adipose tissue is not simply a deposit of lipids for energy storage but also interacts with other organs through secretion of adipokines and free fatty acids (FFA) [3]. Moreover, different types of adipocytes have been identified: white (WAT), brown (BAT) and the recently discovered beige (BeAT) [4], [5], [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The color of fat and its central role in the development and progression of metabolic diseases

Gaggini

Carli

Gastaldelli

2017

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Excess caloric intake does not always translate to an expansion of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and increase in fat mass. It is now recognized that adipocyte type (white, WAT, or brown, BAT), size (large vs. small) and metabolism are important factors for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. When the subcutaneous adipose tissue is not able to expand in response to increased energy intake the excess substrate is stored as visceral adipose tissue or as ectopic fat in tissues as muscle, liver and pancreas. Moreover, adipocytes become dysfunctional (adiposopathy, or sick fat), adipokines secretion is increased, fat accumulates in ectopic sites like muscle and liver and alters insulin signaling, increasing the demand for insulin secretion. Thus, there are some subjects that despite having normal weight have the metabolic characteristics of the obese (NWMO), while some obese expand their SAT and remain metabolically healthy (MHO). In this paper we have reviewed the recent findings that relate the metabolism of adipose tissue and its composition to metabolic diseases. In particular, we have discussed the possible role of dysfunctional adipocytes and adipose tissue resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin on the development of impaired glucose metabolism. Finally we have reviewed the possible role of BAT vs. WAT in the alteration of lipid and glucose metabolism and the recent studies that have tried to stimulate browning in human adipose tissue.

show abstract

Section: When Adipocytes Become Dysfunctionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Excess Lipolysis Causes Muscle Insulin Resistance and β Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Excess Lipolysis Causes Muscle Insulin Resistance and β Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The color of fat and its central role in the development and progression of metabolic diseases

Gaggini

Carli

Gastaldelli

2017

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA and exported to cytosol to be used as a precursor for lipid synthesis. Indeed, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) converts acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA, which finally activates synthesis of triglycerides, using the fatty acid synthase enzyme (FAS) [18]. In the case of high-fat diet, fatty acids are also stored as triglycerides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myostatin deficiency is associated with lipidomic abnormalities in skeletal muscles

Baati

Feillet‐Coudray

Fouret

et al. 2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Myostatin (Mstn) deficiency leads to skeletal muscle overgrowth and Mstn inhibition is considered as a promising treatment for muscle-wasting disorders. Mstn gene deletion in mice also causes metabolic changes with decreased mitochondria content, disturbance in mitochondrial respiratory function and increased muscle fatigability. However the impact of MSTN deficiency on these metabolic changes is not fully elucidated. Here, we hypothesized that lack of MSTN will alter skeletal muscle membrane lipid composition in relation with pronounced alterations in muscle function and metabolism. Indeed, phospholipids and in particular cardiolipin mostly present in the inner mitochondrial membrane, play a crucial role in mitochondria function and oxidative phosphorylation process. We observed that Mstn KO muscle had reduced fat membrane transporter levels (FAT/CD36, FABP3, FATP1 and FATP4) associated with decreased lipid oxidative pathway (citrate synthase and β-HAD activities) and impaired lipogenesis (decreased triglyceride and free fatty acid content), indicating a role of mstn in muscle lipid metabolism. We further analyzed phospholipid classes and fatty acid composition by chromatographic methods in muscle and mitochondrial membranes. Mstn KO mice showed increased levels of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids. We also demonstrated, in this phenotype, a reduction in cardiolipin proportion in mitochondrial membrane versus the proportion of others phospholipids, in relation with a decrease in the expression of phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase and cardiolipin synthase, enzymes involved in cardiolipin synthesis. These data illustrate the importance of lipids as a link by which MSTN deficiency can impact mitochondrial bioenergetics in skeletal muscle. (Résumé d'auteur

show abstract

Fats and Oils in Aquafeed Formulations

Colombo

Foroutani

Parrish

2020

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector and is expected to provide over 60% of the world's seafood by 2030. Lipids represent the major energy contribution in aquaculture nutrition, and as such, reach high inclusion levels in energy–dense aquafeeds. Lipids are a prominently studied nutrient in aquaculture, since they supply energy and essential fatty acids and because of the unique abundance of the ω3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are found in fish. Lipids from fish are well known to have positive impacts on human health, and as such, the transfer of lipids from the diet to fish to consumer is of great importance. Therefore, the fats and oils that are supplied for the health, growth, and development of aquaculture fish must be of good quality and sourced sustainably for the future of aquaculture production. This article describes the role of fats and oils in aquafeeds. In order to understand how the fats and oils are utilized, this article reviews the lipid and fatty acid requirements, lipid digestibility, and lipid synthesis of aquaculture fish. It also describes the most common fats and oils that are used in aquafeed formulations, as well as novel, innovative lipid sources, and new methods of formulating fatty acids in aquafeeds. The different lipid and fatty acid compositions of these fat and oil sources in the diet can directly impact the nutritional and product quality of farmed fish. The practical consideration for using high levels of dietary lipid in aquafeeds is the feed quality, particularly considering lipid oxidation.

show abstract

The Subtle Balance between Lipolysis and Lipogenesis: A Critical Point in Metabolic Homeostasis

Cited by 420 publications

References 154 publications

The color of fat and its central role in the development and progression of metabolic diseases

The color of fat and its central role in the development and progression of metabolic diseases

Myostatin deficiency is associated with lipidomic abnormalities in skeletal muscles

Fats and Oils in Aquafeed Formulations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About