The successional trajectory of bacterial and fungal communities in soil are fabricated by yaks’ excrement contamination in plateau, China

Abstract

The soil microbiome is crucial in determining contemporary realistic conditions for future terrestrial ecological and evolutionary development. However, the precise mechanism between the fecal deposition in livestock grazing and changes in the soil microbiome remains unknown. This is the first in-depth study of bacterial and fungal taxonomic changes of excrement contaminated soils in the plateau (>3,500 m). This suggests the functional shifts towards a harmful-dominated soil microbiome. According to our findings, excrement contamination significantly reduced the soil bacterial and fungal diversity and richness. Furthermore, a continuous decrease in the relative abundance of microorganisms was associated with nutrient cycling, soil pollution purification, and root-soil stability with the increasing degree of excrement contamination. In comparison, soil pathogens were found to have the opposite trend in the scenario, further deteriorating normal soil function and system resilience. Such colonization and succession of the microbiome might provide an important potential theoretical instruction for microbiome-based soil health protection measures in the plateau of China.

The Co-Inoculation Effect on Triticum aestivum Growth with Synthetic Microbial Communities (SynComs) and Their Potential in Agrobiotechnology

“…At the genera level, similar results were obtained by Janssen P.H., stating that the genera Agrobacterium , Alcaligenes , Arthrobacter , Bacillus , Flavobacterium , Micromonospora , Nocardia , Pseudomonas , and Streptomyces were estimated as the dominant genera in soils [ 32 ]. The dominant composition of bacterial phyla of microbiota in soil is significantly different on many factors [ 33 ]. Various environmental factors, such as temperature, soil pH and humidity, geographical location, climate type, cultivated plant culture, and crop rotation were proved to affect the architecture of the soil microbiota [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Yaks Are Dependent on Gut Microbiota for Survival in the Environment of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

“…The diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and fungi on the Tibetan Plateau are reduced by yak grazing and yak feces [95]. The abundance of beneficial microorganisms in fecal-contaminated soil declines, leading to adverse effects on soil nutrient cycling, soil pollution remediation, and rhizosphere stability, and a decline in soil health [96].…”

“…The abundance of beneficial microorganisms in fecal-contaminated soil declines, leading to adverse effects on soil nutrient cycling, soil pollution remediation, and rhizosphere stability, and a decline in soil health [96]. Concomitantly, the abundance of pathogens in grazed soils increases, lessening soil function and system resilience [95]. Compared to grazed soil, non-grazed soil has greater abundances of Acidobacteria and Latescibacteria, which play beneficial roles in soil restoration, plant growth, and nutrient cycling [97].…”

Yaks Are Dependent on Gut Microbiota for Survival in the Environment of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

“…The diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and fungi on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau are reduced by yak grazing and yak feces [ 92 ]. The abundance of beneficial microorganisms in fecal-contaminated soil declines, leading to adverse effects on soil nutrient cycling, soil pollution remediation, and rhizosphere stability, and a decline in soil health [ 93 ].…”