The <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>2</sup>H‐glucose test for determination of small intestinal lactase activity

Vonk, Roel J.; Stellaard, Frans; Priebe, Marion; Koetse, H. A.; Hagedoorn, R. E.; Bruijn, Simone de; Elzinga, Harmke; Lenoir-Wijnkoop, Irène; Antoine, Jean Michel

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00791.x

Cited by 37 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Plasma sample preparation required for analysis of isotopic enrichment by GC (derivatization) is described in detail elsewhere [30, 31]. 2 H enrichment was measured by GC/MS as previously described [30], and 13 C/ 12 C isotope ratio was measured using GC/C/IRMS as previously described [32], both with some modifications [33].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Difference in postprandial GLP-1 response despite similar glucose kinetics after consumption of wheat breads with different particle size in healthy men

et al. 2016

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PurposeUnderlying mechanisms of the beneficial health effects of low glycemic index starchy foods are not fully elucidated yet. We varied the wheat particle size to obtain fiber-rich breads with a high and low glycemic response and investigated the differences in postprandial glucose kinetics and metabolic response after their consumption.MethodsTen healthy male volunteers participated in a randomized, crossover study, consuming 13C-enriched breads with different structures; a control bread (CB) made from wheat flour combined with wheat bran, and a kernel bread (KB) where 85 % of flour was substituted with broken wheat kernels. The structure of the breads was characterized extensively. The use of stable isotopes enabled calculation of glucose kinetics: rate of appearance of exogenous glucose, endogenous glucose production, and glucose clearance rate. Additionally, postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, incretins, cholecystokinin, and bile acids were analyzed.ResultsDespite the attempt to obtain a bread with a low glycemic response by replacing flour by broken kernels, the glycemic response and glucose kinetics were quite similar after consumption of CB and KB. Interestingly, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response was much lower after KB compared to CB (iAUC, P < 0.005). A clear postprandial increase in plasma conjugated bile acids was observed after both meals.ConclusionsSubstitution of 85 % wheat flour by broken kernels in bread did not result in a difference in glucose response and kinetics, but in a pronounced difference in GLP-1 response. Thus, changing the processing conditions of wheat for baking bread can influence the metabolic response beyond glycemia and may therefore influence health.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1156-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 H enrichment was measured by GC/MS as previously described [30], and 13 C/ 12 C isotope ratio was measured using GC/C/IRMS as previously described [32], both with some modifications [33]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in postprandial GLP-1 response despite similar glucose kinetics after consumption of wheat breads with different particle size in healthy men

et al. 2016

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“…Plasma sample preparation required for analysis of isotopic enrichment by GC (derivatization) is described in detail elsewhere [30,31]. 2 H enrichment was measured by GC/MS as previously described [30], and 13 C/ 12 C isotope ratio was measured using GC/C/IRMS as previously described [32], both with some modifications [33].…”

Section: Analysis Of Isotopic Enrichment (Breath and Plasma) And Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in Postprandial GLP‐1 Response Despite Similar Glucose Kinetics after Consumption of Wheat Breads with Different Particle Size in Healthy Men

et al. 2015

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broken wheat kernels. The structure of the breads was characterized extensively. The use of stable isotopes enabled calculation of glucose kinetics: rate of appearance of exogenous glucose, endogenous glucose production, and glucose clearance rate. Additionally, postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, incretins, cholecystokinin, and bile acids were analyzed. Results Despite the attempt to obtain a bread with a low glycemic response by replacing flour by broken kernels, the glycemic response and glucose kinetics were quite similar after consumption of CB and KB. Interestingly, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response was much lower after KB compared to CB (iAUC, P < 0.005). A clear postprandial increase in plasma conjugated bile acids was observed after both meals. Conclusions Substitution of 85 % wheat flour by broken kernels in bread did not result in a difference in glucose response and kinetics, but in a pronounced difference in GLP-1 response. Thus, changing the processing conditions of wheat for baking bread can influence the metabolic response beyond glycemia and may therefore influence health.

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“…14 The pentaacetyl derivative is widely used, particularly in metabolic studies 17,18 with both GC/MS and GC/C/IRMS, due to its convenient one-step preparation. Nevertheless, it also has limits: low signal intensity of the characteristic EI fragment ions at m/z 200 and 242, and the separation into two chromatographic peaks of the a and b isomers.…”

Section: Choice Of a Derivativementioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of pentaacetylaldononitrile derivative for dual ²H gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and ¹³C gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of glucose

Sauvinet

Gabert

et al. 2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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A reference method to accurately define kinetics in response to the ingestion of glucose in terms of total, exogenous and endogenous glucose is to use stable-isotope-labelled compounds such as 2H and 13C glucose followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) analysis. The use of the usual pentaacetyl (5Ac) derivative generates difficulties in obtaining accurate and reproducible results due to the two chromatographic peaks for the syn and anti isomers, and to the isotopic effect occurring during acetylation. Therefore, the pentaacetylaldononitrile derivative (Aldo) was validated for both isotopes, and compared with the 5Ac derivative. A correction factor including carbon atom dilution (stoichiometric equation) and the kinetic isotopic effect (KIE) was determined. Analytical validation results for the 2H GC/MS and 13C GC/C/IRMS measurements produced acceptable results with both derivatives. When 2H enrichments of plasma samples were < or = 1 mol % excess (MPE), the repeatability (RSD(Aldo Intra assay and Intra day) <0.94%, RSD(5Ac Intra assay and Intra day) <3.29%), accuracy (Aldo <3.4%, 5Ac <29.0%), and stability of the derivatized samples were significantly better when the Aldo derivatives of the plasma samples were used (p < 0.05). When the glucose kinetics were assessed in nine human subjects, after glucose ingestion, the plasma glucose 2H enrichments were identical with both derivatives, whereas the 13C enrichments needed a correction factor to fit together. Due to KIE variation, this correction factor was not constant and had to be calculated for each batch of analyses, to obtain satisfactory results. Mean quantities of exogenous glucose exhibit marked difference (20.9 +/- 1.3g (5Ac) vs. 26.7 +/- 2.5g (Aldo)) when calculated with stoichiometric correction, but fit perfectly when calculated after application of the correction factor (22.1 +/- 1.3g (5Ac) vs. 22.9 +/- 1.9g (Aldo)). Finally, the pentaacetylaldononitrile derivative, used here in GC/C/IRMS for the first time, enables measurement of 2H and 13C enrichments in plasma glucose with a single sample preparation.

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The ¹³C/²H‐glucose test for determination of small intestinal lactase activity

Cited by 37 publications

References 12 publications

Difference in postprandial GLP-1 response despite similar glucose kinetics after consumption of wheat breads with different particle size in healthy men

Difference in postprandial GLP-1 response despite similar glucose kinetics after consumption of wheat breads with different particle size in healthy men

Difference in Postprandial GLP‐1 Response Despite Similar Glucose Kinetics after Consumption of Wheat Breads with Different Particle Size in Healthy Men

Validation of pentaacetylaldononitrile derivative for dual ²H gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and ¹³C gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of glucose

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The 13C/2H‐glucose test for determination of small intestinal lactase activity

Cited by 37 publications

References 12 publications

Difference in postprandial GLP-1 response despite similar glucose kinetics after consumption of wheat breads with different particle size in healthy men

Difference in postprandial GLP-1 response despite similar glucose kinetics after consumption of wheat breads with different particle size in healthy men

Difference in Postprandial GLP‐1 Response Despite Similar Glucose Kinetics after Consumption of Wheat Breads with Different Particle Size in Healthy Men

Validation of pentaacetylaldononitrile derivative for dual 2H gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 13C gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of glucose

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The ¹³C/²H‐glucose test for determination of small intestinal lactase activity

Validation of pentaacetylaldononitrile derivative for dual ²H gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and ¹³C gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of glucose